Biomolecules & Therapeutics

The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology (한국응용약물학회)
권호 표지

Anti-stress Effect of Pyroligneous Liquid in SD Rats and ICR Mice

  • Published : 2003.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Pyroligneous liquid(PL) is produced by carbonizing Oak in 350-40$0^{\circ}C$. It is traditionally used for treating stress-related disorder, hepatic disease, immune disorder, G-I disorder and inflammatory disease. The aim of this study is to investigate anti-stress effects of PL. The experiments were performed with the use of young(9 weeks of age) male rats of SD strain and the male ICR mice (20-25 g). Animals of the normal group were not exposed to any stress and the control group were exposed to stress. The rats of the Ginseng, diazepam(BZ) and PL supplementary group were orally administered once a day 100 g of Ginseng extract-kg body weight, 5 mg of BZ/kg body weight and 1 ml of PL100 g body weight and then exposed to stress. The mice of the Ginseng, BZ and PL supplementary group were given water containing 100 g of Ginseng extract/100 ml potable water, 5 mg of BZ/kg 100 ml of drinking water and 10 ml of PL/100 ml of drinking water and exposed to stress. Animals were given materials for 7 days after stabilizing them, and then were given supplementary materials for 5 days with stress. They were stressed by immobilization for 30 minutes and then the animals were exposed to electroshocks for 5 minutes. We recorded stress-related behavioral changes of experimental animals by stressing them using the Etho-vision system and measured the levels of corticosterone in blood While stress suppressed locomotor activity of animals, PL-supplementation partially blocked the stress effect of locomotion in rats and mice, and also partially blocked stress-induced behavioral changes such as freezing, burrowing, smelling and rearing activity in rats and freezing, grooming, tailing and rearing in mice. The staying time of stressed rats and mice in open area decreased and in closed area it increased relatively in elevated plus maze test. However, these changes also partially were blocked by PL-supplementation. PL-supplementation decreased levels of blood corticosterone increased by stress in rats. These results suggest that PL protects partially the living organism from stress attack in some cases.

Keywords

References

  1. Bakshi, V. P, Smith-Ros, S., Newman, S. M., Grigoriadis, D. E. and Kalin, N.H. (2002) Reduction of stress-induced behavior by antagonism of corticotropn-releasing hormone 2(CRH$_{2}$) receptors in lateral septum or CRH, receptors in amygdala. J Neuroscience 22, 2926-2935
  2. Barsky A. J., Wyshak G. and Klerman G. L. (1986) Medical and psychiatric determinants of outpatient medical utilization. Med Care 24, 548-560 https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-198606000-00009
  3. Blazer, D., Hughes, D. and George, L. K. (1987) Stiress Life Events and the Onset of a Generalized Anxiety Syndrome. Am J Psychiatry. 144,9-18
  4. Beck, C. H. and Fibiger, H. C. (1995) Conditioned fearinduced changes in behavior and in die expression of the immediate early gene c-fos: with and without diazepam pretreatment. J. Neurosci. 15, 709-720
  5. Breier, A., Albus, M., Picker, D., Zahn, T. R, Wolkowitz, O. M. and Paul, S. M. (1987) Controllable and Uncontrollable Stress in Humans: Alterations in Mood and Neuroendocrine and Psychophysiological Function. Am J Psychiatry. 144, 11-19
  6. Choi, J. H. (2002) Mysterious Pyroligneous liquid. The free time press. Seoul, Korea
  7. Choi, S. S., Lee, J. K. and Suh, H. W. (2003) Effect of Ginsenosides Administered Intrathecally on the Antinocieption Induced by Cold Waler Swimming Stress in the Mouse. Boil. Pharm. Bull. 26, 858-861 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.26.858
  8. Chrousos, G. P. and Gold, P. W. (1992) The concepts of stress and stress system disorders, Overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis. JAMA 267, 1244-1252 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.267.9.1244
  9. Dimsdale, J. E., Keefe, H. J. and Stein, M. B. (2000) Stress and pyschiatry. In Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. Vol 2, 7th ed. Ed by Sadock B.J., Sadock V.A., Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp. 1835-46
  10. Djordjevic, J., Cvijic, G. and Davidovic, V. (2002) Different Activation of ACTH and Corlicosterone Release in Response to Various Stressors in Rats. Physiol. Res. 52, 67-72
  11. Fanselow, M. S. (1980) Conditional and unconditional components of post-shock freezing. Pavlov . J Biol Sci 15, 177-182
  12. Finlay, J. M., Zigmond, M. J. and Abercrombie, E. D. (1995) Increased dopamine and norepinephrine release in medial prefrontal cortex induced by acute and chronic stress: effects of diazepam. Neuroscience 64, 619-628 https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(94)00331-X
  13. Glass, D. C. (1977) Stress, Behavior Patterns, and Coronary Disease. Am Scientist. 65, 177-187
  14. Harikai, N., Tomogane, K., Miyamoto, M., Shimada, K., Onodera, S. and Tashiro, S. (2003) Dynamic Responses to Acute Heat Stress Between 34 C and 38.5 C, and Characteristics of Heat Stress Response in Mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 26, 701-708 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.26.701
  15. Hurst, M. W., Jenkins, C. D. and Rose, R. M. (1976) The Relation of psychological stress to onset of medical illness. Annual Reiview Med. 27, 301-312 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.me.27.020176.001505
  16. Ida, Y., Tanaka, M., Tsuda, A., Tsujimaru, S. and Nagasaki, N. (1985) Altenuating effect of diazepam on stress-induced increases in noradrenaline tumover in specific brain regions of rats: antagonism by Ro 15-1788. Life Sci., 37, 2491-2498 https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(85)90606-X
  17. Kaneko, H., Nakanishi, K., Murakami, A., Kaidoh, H. and Kuwashima, K. (1996) The acute effects of massive dose of red ginseng on healthy adults under the condition of cold stress. The ginseng Review. 22, 20-24
  18. Kim, D. H., Jung, J. S., Moon, Y. S., Sung, J. H., Suh, H. W., Kim, Y. H. and Song, D. K. (2003b) Inhibition of Intracerbroventricular Injection Stress-Induced Plasma Corticosterone Levels by Intracerebroventrincularly Administered Compound K, a Ginseng Saponin Metabolite, in Mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 26, 1035-1038 https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.26.1035
  19. Kim, D. H., Moon, Y. S., Jung, J. S., Min, S. K., Son, B. K., Suh, H. W. and Song, D. K.(2003a) Effects of Ginseng saponin administered intraperitoneally on the hypothalamo-pituitary. adrenal axis in mice. Neuroscience letters, 343, 62-66 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(03)00300-8
  20. Kim, H. S. and Kim S. H. (1998) Pharmaceutical and clinical effects of Holyessing and its research strategy. J. Oriental med. res. of Daechun Univ. 7, 831-835
  21. Morimoto, A., Nakamori, T., Morimoto, K., Tan, N., Murakami, N. (1993) The central role of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF-41) in psychological stress in rals. J Physiol (Lond) 460, 221-9
  22. Noldus, L. P.J. J., Spink, A. J. and Tegelenbosch, A. J. (2001) Etho Vision: A versatile video tracking system for automation of behavioral experiments. Psychonomic Society, 33, 398-414
  23. Park, I., Kim, Y. I., Lee, S. M. and Cho, T. S. (1996) Anti-stress effect of cholic acid derivatives in restraint stress induced rats. J. Applied Pharmacology 4, 162-166
  24. Schwartz, J., Meaney, M. J., Jensen, L. and Kalant, N. (1988) The effects of acute and life-long food restriction on basal and stress-induced serum corticosterone levels in young and aged rats. Endocrinology, 123, 1934-1941 https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-123-4-1934
  25. Selye, H. (1993) History of the stress concept, In: Handbook of Stress, Ed by Goldberg L, Brenitz S, New York, The Free Press, pp. 7-17
  26. Takahashi, M., Tokuyama, S. and Kaneto, H. (1992) Anti-stress effect of Ginseng on the inhibition of the development of morphine tolerance in stressed mice. Jpn J Pharmacol. Jul; 59, 399-404 https://doi.org/10.1254/jjp.59.399
  27. Takeuchi, T, Iwanaga, M. and Harada, E. (2003) Possible regulatory mechanism of DHA-induced anti-stress reaction in rats. Brain research, 964, 136-143 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(02)04113-6
  28. Ward, C. P., Rsdd, K., Williams, B. M., Caler, J. R., Luo, Y. and McCoy, J. G. (2002) Ginkgo bioloba extract: Cognitive enhancer or antistress buffer, Pharmacology, Boichemisty and Behavior. 72,913-922 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-3057(02)00768-2
  29. Yuan, W. X., Wu, X. J., Yang, F. X., Shang, X. H. and Zhang, L L. (1989) Effects of Ginseng root saponins on brain monoamines and serum corticosterone in heat-stressed mice. zhongguo Yao Li Hsueh Pao Mar, 10, 492-6