Abstract
This paper describes a transformer protective relaying algorithm based on the ratio of increments of flux linkages (RIFL) of the primary and secondary windings. The algorithm uses integration approximation. The RIFL is equal to the turns ratio for all operating conditions except for an internal fault. For a single-phase transformer and a Y-Y transformer, the increments of flux linkages (IFL) are calculated. For a Y-$\Delta$ transformer, the difference of IFL are calculated to use the line currents rather than the delta winding currents, which are unavailable. Their ratios are compared with the turns ratio. The comparative study between the proposed and conventional differentiation approximation methods was conducted. The test results show that the algorithm reduces the approximation errors of the conventional methods.
