트리 기반의 다대다 신뢰적 멀티캐스트를 위한 효율적인 혼잡 제어 기법

An Efficient Congestion Control Mechanism for Tree-based Many-to-many Reliable Multicast

  • 유제영 (삼성탈레스) ;
  • 강경란 (한국정보통신대학원대학교 공학부) ;
  • 이동만 (한국정보통신대학원대학교 공학부)
  • 발행 : 2003.10.01

초록

혼잡 제어는 에러 제어와 함께 신뢰적 멀티캐스트의 핵심적인 기능이다. MTCP나 TRAMCC와 같은 기존의 트리 기반의 혼잡 제어 기법은 일대다 신뢰적 멀티캐스트를 위하여 설계되어 다대다 신뢰적 멀티캐스트에 적용할 경우 몇몇 문제점들이 나타난다. 본 논문에서는 트리 기반의 다대다 신뢰적 멀티캐스트 프로토콜을 위한 효율적인 혼잡 제어 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 혼잡 윈도우 기법을 기반으로 하며 전송률 제어기를 추가적으로 사용한다. 수신자들의 처리 부담을 최소화하기 위하여 추가적인 피드백 없이 에러 복구를 위한 피드백을 혼잡 제어를 위하여 이용하며, 동적으로 네트워크의 상태의 변화를 반영하는 ACK 타이머와 NACK 타이머 및 빠른 전송률 복구 기법 등을 통하여, 세션 내의 흐름들 간의 공평성을 제공한다. 네트워크 시뮬레이터를 사용해서 제안하는 기법이 세션 내의 흐름 간 공평성에 있어서 기존의 TRAMCC보다 효과적인 것을 보였으며, TCP-친화성, 응답성, 확장성에 있어서 만족할 만한 성능을 보임을 확인하였다. 그리고, 신뢰적 멀티캐스트 프로토콜인 GAM에 통합 구현하여 실험실 내 시험 네트워크 상에서 실험을 수행하였다.

Congestion control is a key task in reliable multicast along with error control. However, existing tree-based congestion control schemes such as MTCP and TRAMCC are designed for one-to-many reliable multicast and have some drawbacks when they are used for many-to-many reliable multicast. We propose an efficient congestion control mechanism, TMRCC, for tree-based many-to-many reliable multicast protocols. The proposed scheme is based on the congestion windowing mechanism and a rate controller is used in addition. The feedback for error recovery is exploited for congestion control as well to minimize the overhead at the receivers. The ACK timer and the NACK timers are set dynamically reflecting the network condition changes. The rate regulation algorithm in the proposed scheme is designed to help the flows sharing the same link to achieve the fair share quickly The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using ns-2. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms TRAMCC in terms of intra- session fairness and shows good level of responsiveness, TCP-friendliness, and scalability. In addition, we implemented the proposed scheme by integrating with GAM that is one of many-to-many reliable multicast protocols and evaluated the performance in a laboratory-wide testbed.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. S. Floyd, V. Jacobson, C.-G. Liu, S. McCanne, and L. Zhang, 'A reliable multicast franework for light-weight sessions and application level framing,' IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol.6, No.5, pp.784-803, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1109/90.650139
  2. B. N. Levine, D. B. Lavo, and J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, 'The Case for reliable concurrent multicasting using shared ack trees,' Proc. of ACM Multimedia, pp.365-376, ACM Press, New York, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1145/244130.244237
  3. W. Yoon, D. Lee, and S. Lee, 'A combined group tree approach for many-to-many reliable multicast,' Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM '02, pp.1336-1345, New York, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1109/INFCOM.2002.1019384
  4. W. Yoon, D. Lee, and H.Y. Youn, 'On the Scalability of Many-to-many Reliable Multicast Sessions,' Proc. of IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, pp.255-262, 2002
  5. B. Whetten, L. Vicisano, R. Kermode, M. Handley, S. Floyd, M. Luby, Reliable Multicast Transport Building Blocks for One-to-Many Bulk-Data Transfer, Internet RFC 3048, 2001
  6. S. Floyd and K. Fall, 'Promoting the use of end-to-end congestion control in the internet,' IEEE/ACM Transaction on Networking, Vol.7, No.4, pp.458-472, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1109/90.793002
  7. I. Rhee, N. Balaguru, and G.N. Rouskas, 'MTCP: Scalable TCP-like congestion control for reliable multicast,' Proc. of INFOCOM '99, Vol.3, pp.1265-1273, New York, 1999 https://doi.org/10.1109/INFCOM.1999.752144
  8. D.M. Chiu, M. Kadansky, J. Provino, J. Wesley, H.-P. Bischof, and H. Zhu, 'A congestion control algorithm for tree-based reliable multicast protocols,' Proc. of INFOCOM '02, pp.1209-1217, 2002
  9. V. Jacobson, 'Congestion avoidance and control,' Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM'88, pp.314-329, ACM Press, Stanford, 1988 https://doi.org/10.1145/52324.52356
  10. W. Yoon, D. Lee, H. Y. Youn, and S.J. Koh, 'Throughput analysis of tree-based protocols for many-to-many reliable multicast,' Proc. of ICC 2002, Vol.4, pp.2523-2527, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2002.997297
  11. S. Bajaj, L. Breslau, D. Estrin, K. Fall, S. Floyd, P. Haldar, M. Handley, A. Helmy, J. Heidemann, P. Huang, S. Kumar, S. McCanne, R. Rejaie, P. Sharma, K. Varadhan, Y. Xu, H. Yu, and D. Zappala, 'Improving simulation for network reserch,' Technical Report 90-02b, USC, 1999
  12. D.-M. Chiu, S. Hurst, M. Kadansky, and J. Wesley, 'TRAM : A tree-based reliable multicast protocol,' Technical Report TR-98-66, Sun Microsystems, 1998
  13. M. Alman, 'A web server's view of the transport layer,' ACM Computer Communication Review, Vol. 30, No.5, pp.10-20, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1145/505672.505674
  14. M. Luby, V. K. Goyal, S. Skaria, G. B. Horn, 'Wave and Equation Based Rate Control using Multicast Round Trip Time,' Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM'02, pp.191-204, ACM Press, New York, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1145/964725.633044
  15. D. Estrin, D. Farinacci, A. Helmy, D. Thaler, S. Deering, M. Handley, V. Jacobson, C. Liu, P. Sharma, L. Wei, Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification, Internet RFC 2362, 1998