유체기계 덕트 내 시변 음원의 음향 특성에 관한 연구

An Analysis of the Acoustical Source Characteristics in the Time-varying Fluid Machines

  • 장승호 (한국전력 전력연구원 원자력연구실) ;
  • 이준신 (한국전력 전력연구원 원자력연구실) ;
  • 이정권 (한국과학기술원 기계공학과)
  • 발행 : 2003.02.01

초록

유체기계 덕트 내 음원은 흔히 선형 시불변 모델을 이용하여 음원 임피던스와 강도로 특성화되어진다. 그러나 내연기관 및 압축기 음원에 대한 여러 측정에서 물리적으로 타당하지 않은 부의 저항이 보고된 바 있다. 본 논문에서는 유체기계의 시변성이 음원특성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 해석적으로 연구하였다. 이를 위하여 왕복동 피스톤 및 배기계로 구성된 간단한 유체기계를 전형적인 주기적으로 시변하는 계로서 다루었으며 등가음향 회로를 해석하였다. 해석 해를 이용한 모사측정에서는 실제 음원의 시변성이 부의 저항에 대한 주요한 원인임을 볼 수 있다. 비교적 작은 시변항의 크기를 가지는 경우에 피스톤이 정적 계의 고유진동수의 두 배 또는 그 정수로 나뉜 주파수로 작동한다면 음원이 큰 음향 파워를 방사하게 됨을 알 수 있다.

The in-duct acoustical sources of fluid machines are often characterized by the source impedance and strength using the linear time-invariant model. However, negative resistances, which are physically unreasonable, have been found throughout various measurements of the source properties in IC-engines and compressors. In this paper, the effects of the time-varying nature of fluid machines on the source characteristics are studied analytically. For this purpose, the simple fluid machine consisting of a reciprocating piston and an exhaust is considered as representing a typical periodic, time-varying system and the equivalent circuits are analyzed. Simulated measurements using the analytic solutions show that the time-varying nature in the actual sources is one of the main causes of the negative source resistances. It is also found that, for the small magnitude of the time-varying component, the source radiates large acoustic power if the piston operates at twice the natural frequency of the static system. or integral submultiples of that rate.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Acoustics of Ducts and Mufflers M.L.Munjal
  2. Noise Control Eng. J. v.23 Modeling the exhaust noise radiated from reciprocating internal combustion engines - A literature review A.D.Jones
  3. Phy. Rev. v.73 On the radiation of sound from an unflanged circular pipe H.Levine;J.Schwinger
  4. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. v.74 Measurement of the acoustical internal impedance of an internal combustion engine D.F.Ross;M.J.Crocker
  5. J. Sound Vib. v.90 Acoustical source characterization studies on an mult-cylinder engine exhaust system M.G.Prasad;M.J.Crocker
  6. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. v.65 Experimental evaluation of the aeroacoustic characteristics of a source of pulsating gas flow M.L.Kathuriya;M.L.Munjal
  7. J. Sound Vib. v.180 On multi-load methods for determination of the source data of acoustic one-port sources H.Boden
  8. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. v.107 Refined multi-load method for measuring acoustical source characteristrics of an intake or exhaust system S.H.Jang;J.G.Ih
  9. J. Sound Vib. v.121 On uniqueness, transfer and combination of acoustic sources in one-dimensional systems M.L.Munjal;A.G.Doige
  10. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. v.105 Negative resistances in nonlinear lumped acoustic systems and IC-engine source data F.Albertson
  11. Appl. Acoust. v.63 On the causes of negative impedance in the measurement of intake and exhaust noise sources J.G.Ih;K.S.Peat
  12. J. Sound Vib. v.244 An analytical investigation of the indeirect measurement method of estimating the acoustic impedance of a time-varying source K.S.Peat;J.G.Ih
  13. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. v.41 Matrix formulation in acoustical analysis of mechanically driven fluid systems W.M.Wang
  14. Report TRITA-TAK-8802, Dapartment of Technical Acoustics, Royal Insititute of Technology The multiple load method for measuring the source characteristics of time variant sources H.Boden
  15. Nonlinear Oscillations A.H.Nayfeh;D.T.Mook
  16. Nonlinear Acoustic Theory for Rigid Porous Materials, NASA TN D-6196 W.E.Zorumski;T.L.Parrott
  17. Analysis of Periodically Time-varying Systems J.A.Richards
  18. Mathematical Handbook for Scientists and Engineers G.A.Korn;T.M.Korn
  19. J. Sound Vib. v.187 Maximum sound power from induct sources with applications to fans H.Boden;M.Abom