Base-metal Mineralization in the Cretaceous Gyeongsang Basin and Its Genetic Implications, Korea: the Haman-Gunbug-Goseong(-Changwon) and the Euiseong Metallogenic Provinces

한국 경상분지 백악기 비철금속 광화작용과 그 성인적 의의: 함안-군북-고성(-창원) 및 의성 광상구를 중심으로

  • 이상렬 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 최선규 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 소칠섭 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 유인창 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과) ;
  • 위수민 (한국교원대학교 지구과학교육과) ;
  • 허철호 (고려대학교 지구환경과학과)
  • Published : 2003.08.01

Abstract

The Cretaceous magmatism in the Gyeongsang Basin, Korea, led to the formation of two contrasting metallogenic provinces: the Haman-Gunbug-Goseong(-Changwon) (HGGC) and the Euiseong (EU). The mineralization in the HGGC metallogenic province represents copper, gold and iron of porphyry-related deposits that display close relationships in time and space with subvolcanic granitoids. Much of copper-gold-forming events in this province are consistently constrained to the period between ca. 89 and 81 Ma. The hydrothermal systems of copper-gold vein deposits in the HGGC province are associated with ore-forming fluids of high to intermediate temperature (300∼50$0^{\circ}C$) with high salinity (20∼55 equiv. wt. % NaCl). The ore-forming fluids become progressively more diluted by the incorporation of decreased quantities of magmatic water further from the nearby intrusion, suggesting significant input and fluid mixing of a meteoric water component to the magmatic fluids during the late stage of geothermal systems. In contrast, the EU metallogenic province is characterized by polymetallic vein deposits that are consistently constrained to a period of 78∼60 Ma. The geothermal systems of polymetallic vein deposits in the EU province are derived from a narrow range of intermediate temperature (200∼40$0^{\circ}C$) with relatively low salinity(1∼7 equiv. wt.% NaCl). It may represent a mixed fluid of magmatic and meteoric waters. The base-metal mineralization in the Gyeongsang Basin shows a close spatial and temporal distinction between the proximal environment derived from shallow-level granitoids in the southwestern HGGC province and the distal condition derived from volcanic environments in the northwestern EU province.

한반도 경상분지의 백악기 화성활동은 지체구조의 변화에 기인하여 광화시기를 달리하는 두 가지 유형의 특징적인 비철금속 광상구인 함안-군북-고성(-창원) 및 의성 광상구를 형성하였다. 함안-군북-고성(-창원) 광상구에서 동-철(-금) 광화작용의 광화시기는 89∼81 Ma이고, 이와 관련된 열수계는 광화초기 고염농도(20∼55 equiv. wt. % NaCl)의 고온성(300∼50$0^{\circ}C$) 광화유체의 특징을 보이고 있으며, 광화초기에 정출된 석영의 산소 동위원소비(${\delta}^{18}O$)는 마그마수의 영역에 해당하지만, 광화 후기에는 마그마수 유입량의 감소와 함께 점차 천수의 유입량 증가에 의한 희석 및 혼합양상에 기인하여 상대적으로 낮은 동위원소값을 보이고 있다. 이러한 열수계는 반암형 동광상에서 특징적으로 나타나는 광화유체의 진화과정과 매우 유사한 경향을 보이고 있다. 반면, 의성 광상구에서의 다금속 광화작용의 광화시기는 78∼60Ma(주광화기 약 70∼65Ma)이고, 이와 관련된 지열수계는 전반적으로 저염농도(1∼7 equiv. wt. % NaCl)의 중ㆍ저온성 광화유체(200∼40$0^{\circ}C$)에서 형성되었으며, 맥상 석영에서 나타는 ${\delta}^{18}O$값은 동위원소적으로 마그마수에 비하여 상대적으로 낮은 값을 지시하여 광액 형성시 마그마수의 기여도가 극히 미약하였음을 지시한다. 경상분지에서 비철금속 광상의 성인은 남서부 함안-군북-고성(-창원) 광상구에서 천부 관입 화강암체와 관련된 근지성 환경의 동-철(-금) 광화작용과 북서부 의성 광상구에서 화산활동이 우세한 원지성 환경의 다금속 광화작용으로 구분할 수 있으며, 이러한 광화작용의 차이는 광화시기를 달리하는 관계화성암의 시(${\cdot}공간적 차이에 기인한다.

Keywords

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