Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회지)

The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition (한국식품영양과학회)
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A Comparison of the Perceptions of Children and Their Mothers of the Effects of School Lunch Programs on Children's Dietary Behaviors

학교급식이 초등학생의 식행동에 미친 영향에 대한 아동과 어머니의 인식 비교

  • Published : 2003.06.01
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Abstract

This study compared the perceptions of children and their mothers of the effects of school lunch programs on the children's dietary behaviors in elementary schools. Questionnaires were answered by 425 elementary school students and their 412 mothers in the Busan area. The results indicated: The school lunch program had positive effects on children's dietary behaviors such as understanding healthy meals, correcting unbalanced diets, snack intake, attitude toward the meal, table manners, and table hygiene. However, there were still some negative habits in the home related to snack time, reading books or watching television during mealtime, eating foods before seniors have started. The gender of the children and whether the mothers worked or not produced no significant differences (in most cases). Still mothers more positively perceived the effect of school lunch programs on their children's dietary behaviors than did the children themselves. Thus, the school lunch program had positive effects for a balanced diet and making good eating habits. And, therefore, teachers-as well as the dieticians- should actively regard the school lunch program as an educational activity which can produce positive effects for a balanced diet, and make every endeavor to strengthen their relationship with the home.

본 연구에서는 초등학교 아동과 어머니를 대상으로 학교급식이 아동의 식행동에 미치는 영향을 조사ㆍ비교하여 초등학교에서의 바람직한 급식지도와 학교급식의 균형적인 목적 달성을 위한 식생활교육 방향 설정에 도움이 되는 기초 자료를 제시하고자 초등학교 6학년생 425명 (남자 215명, 여자 210명)과 어머니 412명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 조사결과, 학교급식은 초등학생들에게 식사에 대해 바른 이해를 도모하며 편식교정에 효과적이고 간식 섭취에 긍정적인 효과를 보였다. 또한 학교급식을 통하여 초등학생들은 바람직한 식생활태도와 식사예절을 지니게 되었으며 아동의 식생활 위생 관리에도 효과적이었다. 그러나 간식 섭취 (간식의 시기, 간식으로 적합한 식품의 선택과 적절한 양), 아침 식사 반드시 하기, 식사중 책이나 텔레비전 시청하지 않기, 어른이 드신 후 식사하기 등 가정에서의 식사와 관련이 큰 항목들에 있어서는 ‘급식 후에도 여전히 그렇지 않다’는 의견이 다른 항목에서보다 많아 이에 대한 보다 세심한 지도가 필요하며 특히 바람직한 식습관 형성과 올바른 식사 방법 지도에서 학교급식이 효과를 거두기 위해서는 가정과 연계한 지속적인 지도가 있어야 하겠다. 학교급식이 아동의 식행동에 미치는 효과는 아동성별간이나 어머니의 직업 유무에 따라서는 단지 몇 항목을 제외하고는 차이가 없었으나 아동과 어머니간에는 2개 항목을 제외한 모든 항목에서 차이를 보였으며 아동보다 어머니들이 학교급식이 아동의 식행동에 미치는 영향에 대해 더 긍정적이었다. 이는 최근의 어머니들은 과거에 비해 아동의 식생활교육에 대해 학교교육에 대한 의존도가 높아졌다는 것을 의미한다. 결론적으로 학교급식은 어릴 때부터 아동들의 잘못된 식행동을 바로 잡아 신체적, 정신적인 성장 발달의 정상화를 이루고 보다 좋은 식습관을 형성시키는 데 도움을 준다고 할 수 있다. 그러므로 성장기 아동의 식생활 습관이 성인기의 건강에까지 영향을 미친다는 점을 고려하여 앞으로 영양사 뿐 아니라 초등 교사들도 학교 급식을 하나의 교육활동으로 간주하여 보다 적극적 인 자세로 지도에 임할 필요가 있다고 생각되며 이러한 효과를 극대화하기 위해서는 가정과 연계한 지도도 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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