생명과학회지 (Journal of Life Science)

  • 제13권2호
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  • Pages.175-183
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  • 2003
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  • 1225-9918(pISSN)
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  • 2287-3406(eISSN)
한국생명과학회 (Korean Society of Life Science)
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아프리카 대형 유인원(침팬지, 고릴라) : 특징, 계통 및 진화

African great apes (chimpanzee and gorilla) : feature, phylogeny and evolution

  • 발행 : 2003.04.01
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초록

침팬지와 고릴라는 영장목의 사람상과에 속한다. 이들은 아프리카 대형 유인원이라 불리며, 그들의 기원은 아프리카이다. 최근 영장류 학자들은 침팬지와 고릴라 각각 2종 5아종으로 분류하고 있다. 인간 게놈 프로젝트가 완성되었지만, 인간의 유전적 질병을 극복하고 인간의 진화를 풀기 위해서는 인간과 가장 유사한 아프리카 대형 유인원에 대한 연구가 요구된다. 인간의 21번에 상응하는 침팬지의 22번 염색체의 서열이 완성되었고, 현재 Y염색체 염기 서열이 분석되고 있다. 인간, 침팬지, 고릴라의 비교 연구로부터 인간이 가지는 다양한 질병에 대한 이해와 실마리를 제공해 줄 것이다. 영장류의 진화 과정에서 인간만이 가지는 기능성 유전자 및 가동성 유전자 (HERV, LINE, SINE)를 탐지해 냄으로 인해, 인간이란 무엇인가\ulcorner 라는 근본적인 의문점을 해명 할 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 영장류의 비교연구를 위해, 우리는 인간을 포함한 아프리카 대형 유인원에 대한 특징, 진화 및 계통 등의 기본적인 지식을 종합정리하여 보고하고자 한다.

The chimpanzee and gorilla are classified into hominidae, catarrhini, primates. These species are originated from Africa, so called African great apes. Recently, primatologists have classified that there are 2 species 5 subspecies of the chimpanzee and gorilla, respectively. Since the human genome project has been finished, the chimpanzee genome project has been launched to understand human evolution and genetic diseases. The sequences of chimpanzee chromosome 22 homologous to human chromosome 21 were completed, and then the Y chromosome of chimpanzee is being analyzed. Comparative analysis of human, chimpanzee and gorilla could provide the key for understanding of various human diseases and human origin. By detecting human specific-functional genes or mobile genetic elements (HERV, LINE, SINE) through primate research, we could understand what is human being\ulcorner gradually, For these comparative researches, we summarized fundamental knowledge of the feature, phylogeny and evolution of African great apes including humans.

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