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Characteristics of Cooked Rice by Adding Grains and Legumes

곡류와 두류를 혼합한 잡곡의 취반 특성

  • 임상빈 (제주대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 강명수 (제주대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 좌미경 (제주대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 송대진 (제주대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 오영주 (제주한라대학 호텔조리과)
  • Published : 2003.02.01

Abstract

Nutritional compositions of the raw materials, such as well-milled rice, milled upland glutinous rice, milled barley, glutinous millet, SoRiTae, red beans and mung beans were analysed, and cooking characteristics and sensory attributes of mixed cereals were measured. Crude protein and crude fat in SoRiTae were 31.6% and 16.16%, respectively, and the highest among the raw materials. Crude ash was 3~11 times higher and crude fiber was 5~7 times higher in legumes than in grains. Iron content in SoRiTae was the highest as 7.8 mg/100 g, and calcium content was the highest as 71.0 mg/100 g in SoRiTae and mung beans. Phosphorus content was higher in glutinous millet and mung beans, and potassium content was greatly higher in legumes than in grains and the highest as 934 mg/100 g in red beans. Vitamin B$_1$ and B$_2$ contents were higher in legumes than in grains, and niacin content was the highest as 5.51 mg/100 g in mung beans and was 3.77 mg/100 g in glutinous millet. Water uptake of the raw materials increased greatly after 5 min of soaking in water and then stayed at the almost same level. Water uptake was the highest in SoRiTae and decreased in the order of milled barley, milled upland glutinous rice, glutinous millet and well-milled rice. Hardness was the lowest as 142.8 g/cm$^2$ in cooked SoRiTae, and the highest as 206.3 g/cm$^2$ in cooked milled barley compared with 169.4 g/cm$^2$ in cooked well-milled rice. Cooking time increased and hardness of cooked mixed cereals decreased with the increase of water added. Moisture content decreased, while crude protein, crude ash and crude fiber increased as the increase of mixing ratio of SoRiTae and red beans in mixed cereals. Lightness decreased, while red and blue color increased, and hardness increased with the increase of mixing ratio of SoRiTae and red beans. Sensory evaluation showed greater preference in terms of color, roasted nutty, sweet taste and overall acceptance in the cooked mixed cereals with 8 and 10% of SoRiTae and red beans.

본 연구에서는 관능적인 품질과 영양적인 균형을 갖춘 취반용 반가공 혼합잡곡을 개발하기 위하여 제주도에서 특산물로 생산되는 밭벼찹쌀, 보리쌀 및 검은차좁쌀 등, 3가지 잡곡과 팥, 서리테, 녹두 등 3가지 두류의 영양성분을 분석하였고, 잡곡원료의 혼합비율에 따른 취반 특성 및 관능적 특성을 측정하였다. 조단백질과 조지방 함량은 서리태가 각각 31.6%와 16.16%로 가장 높았으며, 조회분은 곡류에비해 두류가 3~11배, 조섬유는 5~7배 높았다. 철분 함량은 서리태가 7.8 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았으며, 칼슘 함량은 서리태와 녹두가 모두 71.0 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았다. 인 함량은 좁쌀과 녹두가 가장 높았고, 칼륨은 두류가 곡류에 비하여 월등히 높았으며, 팥이 934 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았다. 비타민 B$_1$과 B$_2$는 곡류에 비해 두류에 더 많이 함유되어 있었고, 나이아신 함량은 녹두가 5.51 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았으며, 좁쌀은 3.77 mg/100 g으로 서리태와 팥에 비하여 높았다. 혼합잡곡을 취반한 후 밥의 취반특성을 측정한 결과, 잡곡원료의 침지 시간에 따른 수분 흡수율은 침지 시간5분 후 급격히 증가하였으나 그 이후에는 커다란 변화가 없었다. 수분 흡수율은 서리태가 가장 높았으며, 그 다음이 보리쌀, 밭벼찹쌀, 좁쌀, 일반미 순이었다. 취반 후 경도는 수분 흡수율이 가장 높은 서리 태가 142.8 g/$cm^2$로 일반미의 169.4 g/$cm^2$보다 낮은 반면, 보리쌀인 경우는 206.3 g/$cm^2$로 일반미보다 높았다. 가수량의 증가에 따라 취반에 소요되는 시간은 증가하였으나, 밥의 경도는 감소하였다 서리태와 팥의 배합비율을5~10%로 달리하여 취반한 후 밥의 일반성분, 색도, 경도의 변화를 측정하였다. 서리태와 팥의 비율이 높을수록 수분함량은 감소한 반면, 조단백질, 조회분, 조섬유의 함량은 증가하였다. 밥의 색은 서리태와 팥의 비율이 높을수록 더 짙어지는 경향을 나타내었으며, 경도는 증가하였다 서리태와 팥의 배합비율이 8과 10%인 혼합잡곡밥은 관능적 특성에 있어서 색, 구수한 맛, 단맛, 그리고 전반적인 기호도에 있어서 우수하였다.

Keywords

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