Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회지)

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
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Quality Changes and Pasteurization Effects of Citrus Fruit Juice by High Voltage Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) treatment

고전압 펄스 전기장 처리에 의한 감귤주스의 품질변화

  • Published : 2003.08.01
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Abstract

A non-thermal pasteurization technology, high Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) has been thought to be a new alternative processing technology instead of heating. The objective of this study was to examine and compare the effect of PEF and High Temperature Short Time (HTST) treatments on the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of citrus juices. Total sugar and titratable acidity values of fresh citrus juice and two treatments were not significantly different each other at p<0.05. The concentration of vitamin C in fresh citrus juice $(31.2{\pm}0.59\;mg%)$ was not significantly different with the value of PEF treatment $(29.4{\pm}0.75\;mg%)$ but was significantly higher than the value of HTST treatment $(27.4{\pm}0.75\;mg%)$. The color values (L, a, and b) in PEF treatment were significantly lower than the fresh citrus juice, but were higher than the values of HTST treatment. Both total bacterial cell counts $(6.65\;{\pm}\;0.08\;log_{10}(cfu/mL))$ and yeast counts $(7.79{\pm}0.07\;log_{10}(cfu/mL))$ in fresh citrus juice were significantly reduced by PEF $(1.39{\pm}0.14,\;2.42{\pm}0.1\;log_{10}(cfu/mL))$ as well as HTST treatment (0, 0). PE activity of fresh citrus juice $(1.3{\pm}0.12\;units/mL)$ was significantly reduced by PEF treatment $(0.11{\pm}0.01\;units/mL)$ and was totally inactivated by HTST treatment. Sensory evaluation scores in flavor, taste and overall acceptability between the fresh and PEF treated citrus juices $(7.2{\sim}7.5)$ were not significantly different but the values of HTST treatment $(5.1{\sim}5.8)$ were lower than others. Consequently, PEF treatment is thought to be a good alternative pasteurization method for fresh citrus juice to HTST treatment due to its strong pasteurization effect, reduced destruction of nutrients and good sensory characteristics.

감귤주스의 품질향상과 저장성을 증진시키기 위하여 비가열 살균기술로 개발되고 있는 고전압펄스전기장(PEF) 기술을 적용함으로써, $95^{\circ}C$ 가열처리(High Temperature Short Time, HTST) 감귤주스와의 이화학적 특성, 미생물 살균효과 및 관능특성을 비교 조사하였다. 적정 산도와 총당의 경우 신선 감귤주스와 PEF 및 HTST 처리 감귤주스 모두 $0.22{\pm}0.01%$, $8.8{\sim}9.2%$로 p<0.05 수준에서 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 비타민 C의 경우 신선 감귤주스$(31.2{\pm}0.59\;mg%)$와 PEF 처리구$(29.4{\pm}0.75\;mg%)$는 유의차가 없었으나, HTST 처리구는 $27.4{\pm}0.75\;mg%$로 이들보다 유의적으로 낮은 값을 보였다. PEF 처리 감귤주스의 밝기(L), 적색도(a) 및 황색도(b)는 각각 $29.77{\pm}0.16,\;19.71{\pm}0.05,\;19.52{\pm}0.1$로 신선 감귤주스 보다는 유의적으로 낮았으나, HTST 처리구 보다는 유의적으로 높았다. 신선 감귤주스의 초기 총 세균수는 $6.65{\pm}0.08\;log_{10}(cfr/mL)$ PEF 처리에 의하여 $1.39{\pm}0.14\;log_{10}(cfu/mL)$로 감소하였고, HTST 처리구에서는 모두 사멸하였다. 효모의 경우에도 세균과 유사한 결과를 보였는데, $7.79{\pm}0.07\;log_{10}(cfu/mL)$에서 PEF 처리에 의하여 $2.42{\pm}0.1\;log_{10}(cfu/mL)$로, HTST 처리에 의해서는 모두 사멸하였다. 신선 감귤주스의 착즙액 중의 PE의 활성은 $1.3{\pm}0.12\;units/mL$이었으나, PEF 처리에 의해 $0.11{\pm}0.01\;units/mL$로 유의적인 차이를 보이며 낮아졌고, HTST 처리구의 경우 PE활성이 100% 사라졌다. 향기성분의 경우 HTST 처리구에서 61% 정도 소실된 것으로 조사되었으나, PEF 처리구는 약 16%만이 소실되었다. 관능검사중 색깔특성의 강도는 신선 감귤주스, PEF 처리구, HTST 처리구가 유의차를 보이지 않았으나, 향기와 맛의 강도, 종합적 기호도에 있어 신선 감귤주스와 PEF 처리구는 유의차가 없었으나, HTST 처리구는 이들에 비하여 낮게 나타났다. 결론적으로, PEF는 신선 감귤주스의 미생물 살균효과가 강하고, 영양소 파괴가 적으며, 관능적으로 신선 비가열처리와 차이가 없어 HTST의 단점을 크게 개선할 우수한 차세대 살균법으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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