Physical and Sensory Properties of Peeled Ginkgo Nuts Prepared under the Different Dehydration Conditions

내피제거 은행의 물리적 및 관능적 품질 특성

  • Han, Jae-Young (Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Lee, Young-Chun (Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Kim, Kwang-Ok (Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Ewha Womans University)
  • 한재영 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 이영춘 (중앙대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 김광옥 (이화여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Published : 2003.02.01

Abstract

The effects of different dehydration conditions for the removal of ginkgo nut inner coat on peeled ginkgo nuts were examined using physical and sensory methods. Dehydration of ginkgo nuts at $90^{\circ}C$ for 120 min resulted in greater hardness, lightness (L), redness (a), yellowness (b), and firmness. Higher roasted flavor and larger holes were observed with dehydration at $150^{\circ}C$ for 30 min and greater cooked ginkgo flavor and green color with dehydration at $120^{\circ}C$ for 50 min. Based on these findings, dehydration at $120^{\circ}C$ for 50 min was determined as the adequate hot air dehydration condition for the removal of ginkgo nut inner coat. Ginkgo nuts stored at $25^{\circ}C$ maintained overall desirability up to 4 weeks. In ginkgo nuts stored at $4^{\circ}C$, all sensory desirabilities evaluated were reasonably high until 60 days of storage; desirability of appearance decreased moderately at 80 days of storage, and appearance became very undesirable at 180 days. Ginkgo nuts stored at $-18^{\circ}C$ showed little changes until 10 months of storage, but slight decreases in overall desirability, flavor, and texture were noted at 12 months.

은행의 효율적인 내피제거 방법을 연구하고 이들의 저장성을 높이기 위한 방안을 제시하고자 열풍건조 온도 및 시간을 달리하여 은행을 건조하고 이중 90% 이상의 박피율을 보이는 조건에서 물리적, 관능적 특성을 평가하였다. 또한 내피를 제거한 은행을 실온, 냉장 및 냉동온도에 저장한 후 이들의 물리적 및 관능적 변화를 평가하였다. 내피가 제거되지 않은 은행을 $90^{\circ}C$에서 120분, $120^{\circ}C$에서 50분 및 $150^{\circ}C$에서 30분 동안 건조했을 때, 90%이상의 박피율을 보였으며 이들을 증숙하여 물리적 특성을 평가한 결과 $90^{\circ}C$에서 건조한 은행이 다른 시료들에 비해 더 단단했고 건조온도가 증가할수록 총 색, a 및 b 값이 감소하였다. 관능적 특성에서는 $150^{\circ}C$의 은행에서 구운 향미가 강했고 $120^{\circ}C$의 경우 녹색정도와 익은 은행 향미가 높았다. 이상과 같은 결과를 고려하여 $120^{\circ}C$에서 50분간 열풍건조 하는 조건을 은행의 내피제거를 위한 건조조건으로 결정하였다. 내피를 제거한 은행을 진공 포장하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 저장하고 이들의 경도, L, a 및 b값을 평가한 결과 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 경도 및 a 값이 증가하였고 L값은 감소하였다. 관능적 평가에서는 저장 4주에 이르러 향미 특성에서 바람직하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. $4^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 은행은 60일까지 물리적 특성에 큰 변화가 없고, 바람직한 정도도 유지되었다. 그러나 저장 80일부터 외관의 바람직한 정도가 다소 감소되는 경향을 보였고, 저장 180일째에는 그 현상이 두드러졌다. 냉동$(-18^{\circ}C)$ 저장한 은행의 경우는 저장기간이 길어질수록 hardness 및 색도가 약간 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으나 바람직한 정도는 10개월까지는 큰 변화가 없었다. 그 이후로 외관을 제외한 모든 특성의 바람직한 정도가 대조군에 비해 크게 감소되었으나 바람직하지 않은 상태(5점 이하)에는 도달하지 않았다.

Keywords

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