Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society (천문학회지)

The Korean Astronomical Society (한국천문학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

CCD SURFACE PHOTOMETRY OF SPIRAL GALAXIES: BULGE MORPHOLOGY

  • Ann, Hong-Bae (Department of Earth Sciences, Pusan National University)
  • Published : 2003.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We have conducted a V-band CCD surface photometry of 68 disk galaxies to analyze the bulge morphology of nearby spirals. We classify bulges into four types according to their ellipticities and the misalignments between the major axis of the bulge and those of the disk and the bar: spherical, oblate, pseudo triaxial, and triaxial. We found that one third of the bulges are triaxial and they are preponderant in barred galaxies. The presence of the triaxial bulges in a significant fraction of unbarred galaxies as well as in barred galaxies might support the secular evolution hypothesis which postulates that the bar driven mass inflow leads to the formation of triaxial bulges and the destruction of bars when sufficient mass is accumulated in the central regions.

Keywords

References

  1. MNRAS v.275 The Shape of the Luminosity Profiles of Bulges of Spiral Galaxies Andredakis,Y.C.;Peletier,R.F.;Balcells,M. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/275.3.874
  2. JKAS v.28 Triaxial Bulges in Barred Galaxies Ann,H.B.
  3. AJ v.121 Hydrodynamic Simulations for the Nuclear Morphology of NGC 4314 Ann,H.B. https://doi.org/10.1086/320374
  4. JKAS v.20 Surface Photometry of Barred Galaxies: Global Structure of Barred Galaxies Ann,H.B.;Lee,S.W.
  5. JKAS v.33 SPH Simulations of Barred Galaxies: Dynamical Evolution of Gaseous Disk Ann,H.B.;Lee,H.M.
  6. MNRAS v.283 Evolution of the Hubble Sequence in Hicrarchical Models for Galaxy Formation Baugh,C.M.;Cole,S.;Frenk,C.S. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/283.4.1361
  7. AJ v.103 NHC 4314.Ⅰ- Visible and shortwavelength infrared surface photometry of the nucleus and bar Benedict,G.F.;Higdson,J.L.;Tollestrup,E.V.;Hahn,J.;Harvey,P.M. https://doi.org/10.1086/116099
  8. AJ v.112 NGC 4314. Ⅲ Inflowing Molecular Gas Feeding a Nuclear Ring of Star Formation Benedict,G.F.;Smith,B.L.;Kenney,J.D.P. https://doi.org/10.1086/118104
  9. AJ v.114 Spiral Galaxies with WFPC2.I.Nuclear Morphology, Bulges, Star Clusters, and Surface Brightness Profiles Carollo,C.M.;Stiavelli,M.;e Zeeuw,P.T.;Mack,J.
  10. ApJ v.457 Evidence for Secular Evolution in Late-Type Spirals Courteau,S.;de Jong, R. S.;Broeils,A.H.
  11. APJ v.582 Central Mass concentration and Bar Dissolution in Nearby Spiral Galaxies Das,M.;Teuben,P.J.;Vogel,S.N.;Regan,M.W.;Sheth,K.;Harris,A.I.;Jefferys,W.H. https://doi.org/10.1086/344480
  12. APJ v.288 Properties of barred spiral galaxies Elmegreen,B.G.;Elmegreen,D.M. https://doi.org/10.1086/162810
  13. ApJ v.517 Galactic Bulge Formation as a Maximum Intensity Starburst Elmegreen,B.G. https://doi.org/10.1086/307200
  14. A&A v.277 Bars Within Bars in Lenticular and Spiral Galaxies - a Step in Secular Evolution Friedli,D.;Martinet,L.
  15. A&A v.268 Secular evolution of isolated barred galaxies Ⅰ - Gravitational coupling between stellar bars and interstellar medium Friedli,D.;Benz,W.
  16. A&A v.301 Socular evolution of isolated bared galaxies Ⅱ. Coupling between stars and interstellar medium via star formation Friedli,D.;Benz,W.
  17. APJ v.540 Formation of galactic Bulges Gnedin,N.Y.;Norman,M.L.;Ostriker,J.P. https://doi.org/10.1086/309322
  18. Ann. Tokyo Astro. Obs. Tok. v.21 SPIRAL : surface photometry interactive reduction and analysis library Ichikawa,S.I.;Okamura,s.;Watanabe,M.;Hamabe,M.;Aoki,T.;Kodaira,K.
  19. MNRAS v.264 The Formation and Evolution of Galaxies within Merging Dark Matter Kauffmann,G.;White,S.D.M.;Guideredoni,B. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/264.1.201
  20. APJ v.227 A morphological survey of bar, lens, and ring components in galaxies Secular evolution in galaxy structure Kormendy,J. https://doi.org/10.1086/156782
  21. IAU Symposium 153 Kinematics Extragalactic Bulges: evidence that Some Bulges are really Disks, in Galactic Bulges Kormendy,J.;H.J.Habing(ed.);H.B.Dejonghe
  22. AJ v.104 UBVRI photometric standard stars in the magnitude range 11.5-16.0 around the celestial equator Landolt,A.U. https://doi.org/10.1086/116242
  23. AJ v.118 Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the CFA Seyfert 2 Galaxies: The Fueling of Active Galactic Nuclei Martini,P.;Pogge,R.W. https://doi.org/10.1086/301140
  24. ApJS v.146 Circumnuclear Dust in Nearby Active and Inactive Galaxies Martini,P.;Regan,M.W.;Mulchaey,J.S.;Pogge,R.W. https://doi.org/10.1086/367817
  25. ApJS v.110 The Fueling of Nuclear Activity. I. A Near-Infrared Imaging Survey of Seyfert and Normal Galaxies Mulchacy,J.;Regan,M.W.;Kundu,A. https://doi.org/10.1086/313005
  26. MNRAS v.275 The assembly of galaxies in a hierarchically clustering universe Navarro,J.F.;Frenk,C.S.;White,S.D.M. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/275.1.56
  27. ApJ v.514 Early Evolution of Disk Galaxies: Formation of Bulges in Clumpy Young Galactic Disks Noguchi,M. https://doi.org/10.1086/306932
  28. MNRAS v.312 Secular Evolution of Late-type Galaxies: Formation of Bulges and the origin of Bar Dichotomy Noguchi,M. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03130.x
  29. ApJ v.462 Bar Dissolution and Bulge Formation: an Example of Secular Dynamical Evolution in Galaxies Norman,C.A.;Sellwood,J.A.;Hasan,H. https://doi.org/10.1086/177133
  30. ApJ v.363 Dissipation in barred galaxies - The growth of bulges and central mass concentrations Pfenniger,D.;Norman,C. https://doi.org/10.1086/169352
  31. AJ v.111 Nuclei of Nearby Disk Galaxies.I.A Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Survey Phillips,A.C.;Ilingworth,G.D.;MacKenty,J.W.;Franx,M. https://doi.org/10.1086/117896
  32. ApJ v.569 Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of the Circumnuclear Environments of the CfA Seyfert Galaxies: Nuclear Spirals and Fueling Pogge,R.W.;Martini,P. https://doi.org/10.1086/339400
  33. AJ v.117 Using HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE Imaging of Nuclear Dust Morphology to Rule Out Bars Fueling Seyfert Nuclei Regan,M.W.;Mulchaey,J. https://doi.org/10.1086/300888
  34. A&A v.399 Samland,M.;Gerhard,O.E.;Samland,M.;Gerhard,O.E. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20021842
  35. MNRAS v.274 Nuclear bars and blue nuclei within barred spiral galaxies Shaw,M.A.;Axon,D.;Probst,R.;Gatley,I. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/274.2.369
  36. ApJ v.213 Triaxial Models of the Bulge of M31 Stark,A.A. https://doi.org/10.1086/155164
  37. ApJ v.507 The Formation of Disk-Bulge Halo Systems and the Origin of the Hubble Sequence van den Bosch, F. C. https://doi.org/10.1086/306354
  38. IAU Symposium 153 Varela,A.M.;Simonneau,E.;Munoz-Tunon, C.;H.J.Habing(ed.);H.B.Dejonghe
  39. MNRAS v.183 Core condensation in heavy halos: a two-stage theory for galaxy formation and clustering White,S.D.M.;Rees,M.K. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/183.3.341
  40. ApJ v.457 Secular Evolution of Spiral Galaxies. I. A Collective Dissipation Process Zhang,X. https://doi.org/10.1086/176717
  41. ApJ v.499 Secular Evolution of Spiral Galaxies Ⅱ. Formation of Quasi-stationary Spiral Modes Zhang,X. https://doi.org/10.1086/305595