Study on Immunological Response on Salmonella gallinarum in Immunosuppressed Chickens

면역억압계군에서 Salmonella gallinarum 감염에 대한 면역반응

  • Kim, Gye-Yeup (College of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin University) ;
  • Lim, Jae-Hyang (Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Koh, Hong-Bum (Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Cho, Kyoung-Oh (Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Tae-Youl (College of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin University) ;
  • Oh, Myoung-Hwa (College of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin University)
  • Accepted : 2002.06.08
  • Published : 2002.09.30

Abstract

The immune response against Salmonella gallinarum infection was investigated in immunosuppresed chickens. Newly hatched chickens were treated with cyclophosphamide at the first and second day after birth and were challenged intraperitoneally with S gallinarum ($1{\times}10^7CFU/m{\ell}$) on day 6. Group 1, Immunosuppresed and Challenged group, was treated with cyclophaiphamide and challenged with S gallinarum; group 2, Immunosuppressed group, was only treated with cyclophsphamide; group 3, Challenged group, was only challenged with S gallinarum; group 4, Control group. In each group, the localization of lymphocytes of the lymphoid organs and intestine was immunohistochemically compared using a variety of monoclonal antiboies ($CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, and B lymphocyte). Also, S gallinarum were assessed by Maccallum-Goodpasture stain and immunohistochemical analysis in the paraffin-embedded intestinal tissues. In S gallinarum challenged chickens, $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ lymphocytes of the intestinal organs such as duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were increased. However, in cyclophophamide treated chickens, $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ lymphocytes and especially B lymphocytes of the lymphoid organs such as thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius were dramatically decreased. These results suggest that cyclophsophamide is an immunosuppressive agent that especially causes depletion of B lymphocytes, suppress humoral immunity and eventually suppresses avian immune responses. Its protection against S gallinarum infection is mainly dependent on both cell-mediated mechanism and the humoral immune response.

Keywords

References

  1. Swenson MJ. Dukes physiology of domestic animals, 10th ed, Comstock publishing associates, Cornell Univ press: 15-40, 1984
  2. Blaxland JD, Sojka WJ, Smither AM. A study of Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum strains isolated from field outbreaks of disease. J Comp Pathol Ther, 66, 270-277, 1956
  3. Pomeroy BS, Nagaraja KV. Fowl Typhoid, In Calnek BW, John BH, Barnes H et al, 9th ed, Iowa state Univ Press, Ames Iowa, USA: 87-99, 1991
  4. Mohammadi H, Hill R, Smith IM et al. Observations on some changes during acute S. gallinarum infection in chicks. Avian pathology, 5:71-80, 1975
  5. Woo YK, Kim BH. Antigenic-types of Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum isolated from poultry in Korea. Korean J Vet Res, 38:777-783, 1998
  6. Kim WY, Chang YH, Park KY et al. A rapid detection of Salmonella species using polymerization chain reaction and Southern hybridization. Korean J Vet Res, 35:531-536, 1995
  7. Kim WY, Chang YH, Park KY et al. Antimicrobial drug susceptibility and plasmid profiles of Salmonella species isolated from poultry. Korean J Vet Res, 35:537-542, 1995
  8. Corrier DE, Elissalde MH, Ziprin RL et al. Effect of immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin, or dexamethasone on Salmonella colonization of Broiler chicks. Avian Dis, 35:40-45, 1991
  9. Larsson EL. Cyclosporin A and dexamethasone suppress T eell responses by selectively acting at distinct sites of the tnggering process. J Immunol, 124:2828-2833, 1980
  10. Brake NP, Brake J, Thaxton JP et al. Effect of cortisol on cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity to phytohemagglutinin in chickens. Poult Sci, 67:669-673, 1988
  11. Bucy RP, Chen CH, Cihak J et al. Avian T cells expressing gamma delta receptors localize in the splenic sinusoids and the intestinal epithelium. J Immuno, 141:2200-2205, 1988
  12. Clare RA, Strout RG, Taylor RL et al. Major histocompatibility (B) complex effect on acquired immunity to cecal coccidiosis. Immunogenetics, 22:593-599, 1985
  13. Blomena EM, Rose YL, Vanheijst AM et al. Whole-blood lymphocyte cultures. J Immunol Methods, 122:161-167, 1989
  14. Chan MM, Chen CH, Ager LL et al. Differential expression of two T cell receptors, TcRl and TcR2, on chicken lymphocyte. Eur J Immuno, 18:539-543, 1988
  15. Owen RL, Piazza AJ, Eramk TH. Ultrastructure and cytoarchitectural features of lymphoreticular organs in the colon and rectum of adult BALB/c mouse. Am J Anat, 190:10-18, 1991
  16. Cooper MD, Peterson RDA, Good RA. Delineation of the thymic and bursal lymphoid systems in the chicken. Nature (Lond), 205:143-146, 1965
  17. Lee G, Luna HT. Manual of histologic. Staining methods of the armed Forces Institute of pathology. 3rd ed, Maccallum-Goodpasture method MCG WAW-Hill com, 225-226, 1980
  18. Hiraga T, Sugimura M, Kuda N. Effect of cyclophosphamide on the thymus and the bursa of Fabricius in chickens. Jap J Vet Res, 24:87-98, 1976
  19. Donald E, Corrie M, Marcel H et al. Effect of immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin, dexamethason on Salmonella colonization of broiler chicks. Avian Dis, 35:40-45, 1991
  20. Daniel Y, Perey E, Bienenstock J. Effects of bursectomy and thymectomy on ontogeny of fowl IgA, IgG, and IgM. J Immunol, 111:633-637, 1973
  21. Bassiouni A, Rifai M, Abbasi K. The influence of the somatic factor 0-1 on the agglutination reactions for detection of Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infections. Vet Med J Giza, 12:369-376, 1966
  22. Edwards PR, Bruner DW, Doll ER. 1984. Hermann GS. Salmonella infections of fowls. Cornell Vet, 38: 257-262
  23. Sasai K, Yoshimura K, Lillehoj HS et al. Analysis of splenic and thymic lymphocyte subpopulatics in chickens infected with Salmonella enteritidis. Vet Immune Immunopath, 59:359-367, 1997
  24. Bumstead N, Barrow P. Resistance to Salmonella gallinarum, S. pullorum, and S. enteriditis in Inbred Lines of Chickens. Avian Dis, 37:189-193, 1993