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서해비단고둥 (Umbonium thomasi)의 생식소 발달과 생식주기

Gonadal Development and Reproductive Cycle of the Sand Snail, Umbonium thomasi

  • Lee Ju Ha (School of Life Science, Jeonju University)
  • 발행 : 2002.11.01

초록

서해비단고둥, Umbonium thomasi는 우리나라 서해안 일대의 조간대 모래사장에 서식하는 원시복족목 밤고둥과에 속하는 패류 중의 하나이지만,그들의 기초 생물학적 연구는 거의 없다. 따라서 1999년 1월부터 12월까지 전라북도 부안군 변산면 대항리 앞 바다의 조간대에서 매월 채집한 서해비단고둥을 대상으로 생식소 발달에 따른 생식주기, 생식세포형성과정, 육중량비 그리고 군성 숙도를 조사하였다. 서해비단고둥은 자웅이체로서 난생이며, 생식소는 나선형 패각내의 후반부에 위치하고 있었으며, 완숙한 암컷의 생식소는 녹색, 수컷은 유백색 또는 황백색을 띄었다. 육중량비는 7월에 $37.5\%$로 가장 높았고, 9월에 $28.3\%$로 급격히 감소하였으며 11월부터는 서서히 증가하였다. 완숙기의 난모세포 크기는 100$\~$110$\mu$m이며, 세포질은 다량의 난황과립으로 채워져 있었다. 생식소의 발달, 생식세포의 형성과정 그리고 육중량비의 변화에 따라, 서해비단고둥의 생식 주기를 초기 활성기 (11$\~$4월), 후기 활성기 (2$\~$5월), 완숙기 (4$\~$8월), 산란기 (7$\~$10월) 그리고 회복기 (9$\~$2월) 등 연속적인 주기로 구분할 수 있었다. 생식소의 발달과 산란기는 수온과 밀접한 연관성이 있으며, 산란성기는 평균 수온이 24.2$^{\circ}C$ 전후인 9월이었다. 각고 4.4mm 이하의 개체군은 재생산에 전혀 가담하지 않았으며, 각고 5.5-6.4mm 범위에서는 암수 각 각 $55.0\%$61.9\%가 재생산에 참여하였고, 7.5mm 이상에서는 $100\%가 산란에 가담하였다.

Although Umboniunm thomasi is one of marine mollusc (Archaeogastropoda: Trochidae) inhabiting the sands in the intertidal zone of the west coast of Korea, aspects of its reproductive biology are still not too well known. Reproductive cycle, gametogenesis, and first sexual maturity of U. thomasi collected at the west coast of Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea were investigated monthly from January to December 1999. U. thomasi was dioecious, and an oviparous. The gonad was placed in the rear of the flesh part in the spiral shell. The external colors of the ripe ovary and testis appeared to be green and milk-white or yellowish white, respectively. Meat weigh rate peaked in July ($37.5\%$). And then the value sharply decreased in September ($28.3\%$), thereafter, gradually increased in November ($31.7\%$). Fully ripe oocytes were approximately 100$\~$110 $/mu$m in diameter, and their cytoplasm contained a great number of yolk Branules. Based on the monthly changes of the Bonadal development, gametogenesis, and meat weight rate, the reproductive cycle of U. thomasi could be devided into five successive stages: early active (November to April), late active (February to May), ripe (April to August), spawning (July to October), and recovery (September to February). Gonadal development and spawning were closely related to the seawater temperature, the main spawning occurred in September when the temperature reached above 24.2$^{\circ}C$. Individuals of 4.4 mm and less in shell height could not take part in reproduction in both sexes. Percentages of first sexual maturity of female and male shells ranging from 5.5 to 6.4 mm were $55.0\%$ and $61.9\%$, respectively, and $100\%$ of those over 7.5 mm in shell heights in both sexes participated in the reproduction.

키워드

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