한국운동역학회지 (Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics)

  • 제12권2호
  • /
  • Pages.393-405
  • /
  • 2002
  • /
  • 1226-2226(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2093-9752(eISSN)
한국운동역학회 (Korean Society of Applied Biomechanics)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Weightlessness in Water : Its Unexpected Mechanical Effects on Freestyle Swimming

  • 투고 : 2002.10.01
  • 발행 : 2002.08.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

When our body is immersed in water, we experience weightlessness. The degree of weightlessness that we experience varies depending on the proportion of the body immersed in water, being governed by the relationship between the weight of body and the buoyant force acting on the body. Human body during the performance of swimming in no exception to these influences. Swimmers body is subject to a time and position dependent force system. Even the magnitude of the buoyant force acting on the swimmers body at every given instant and the corresponding position of the CB change continuously. The findings of this study support the following conclusions. The buoyancy torque was the primary source of bodyroll exhibited by front crawl swimmers performing at distance pace, accounting for 88 % of the bodyroll. Faster swimmers used buoyancy more effectively to generate bodyroll, partially supporting the postulation that an effective use of buoyancy for bodyroll may reduce the generated hydrodynamic forces to be wasted in non-propulsive directions and maximize forward propulsion.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Armour, J. & Donnelly, P.M. (1993). The large lungs of elite swimmers: an increased alveolar number? European Respiratory Journal 6, pp.237-247.
  2. Chatard, J.C., Bourgaoi, B., & Lacour, J.R. (1990a). Passive drag is still a good evaluator of swimming aptitude. European Journal of Applied Physiology 59, pp.399-404. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02388619
  3. Chatard, J.C., Colloimp, C., Maglischo, E., & Maglischo, C. (1990b). Swimming skill and stroking characteristics of front crawl swimmers. International Journal of Sports Medicine 11, pp.156-161. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024782
  4. Chatard, J.C., Lavoie, J.M., Bourgoin, B., & Lacour, J.R. (1990c). The contribution of passive drag as a determinant of swimming performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine 11, pp.367-372. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024820
  5. Chatard, J.C., Lavoie, J.M., & Lacour, J.R. (1990d). Analysis of determinants of swimming economy in front crawl. European Journal of Applied Physiology 61, pp.88-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00236699
  6. Clauser, C.E., McConville, J.T., & Young, J.W. (1969) Weight, volume, and center of mass of segments of the human body. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH.
  7. Dapena, J. (1978). A method to determine the angular momentum of a human body about three orthogonal axes passing through its center of gravity. Journal of Biomechanics 11, pp.251-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(78)90051-9
  8. Drillis, R. & Contini, R. (1966). Body Segment Parameters. Office of Vocational Rehabilitation, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Report 1166-03. N.Y. University School of Engineering and Science, New York, NY.
  9. Haug, E.J. (1992) Intermediate Dynamics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  10. Hinrichs, R.N. (1990). Adjustments to the segment center of mass proportions of Clauser et al. (1969). Journal of Biomechanics 23, pp.949-951. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(90)90361-6
  11. Kreighbaum, E. and Barthels, K. M. (1996). Biomechanics: A qualitative approach for studying human movement (4th Ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon
  12. McArdle, W.D., Katch, F.I. & Katch, V.L. (1986). Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Febiger.
  13. McLean, S.P. & Hinrichs, R. (1998). Sex difference in the center of buoyancy location of competitive swimmers. Journal of Sports Science 16, pp.373-383. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640419808559365
  14. Ogita, F. & Tabata, I. (1992). Oxygen uptake during swimming in a hypobaric hypoxic environment. European Journal of Applied Physiology 65, pp.192-296. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00705080
  15. Pendergast, D.R., Prampero, P.E., Craig Jr., A.B., Wilson, D.R., & Rennie, D.W. (1977). Quantitative analysis of the front crawl in men and women. Journal of Applied Physiology 43, pp.475-479.
  16. Schleihauf, R.E., Gray, L, & DeRose, J. (1983). Three-dimensional analysis of hand propulsion in the sprint front crawl stroke. In Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming (edited by P. Hollander, P. Huijing and de Groot, G), pp. 173-183. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  17. Town, G.P. & Vanness, J.M. (1990). Metabolic responses to controlled frequency breathing in competitive swimmers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 22, pp.112-116.
  18. Yanai, T., Hay, J.G., & Gerot, J.T. (1996). Three-dimensional videography with panning periscopes. Journal of Biomechanics 29, pp.673-678. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(95)00123-9
  19. Yanai, T. (2001a). The effect of buoyancy in front crawl: Does it really cause the legs to sink? Journal of Biomechanics, 34 (2), pp.235-243 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9290(00)00186-X
  20. Yanai, T. (2001b). An effective use of buoyant force for improving the performance of front crawl swimming. In abstracts of the XVIII Congress of the International Society of Biomechanics, p.348
  21. Zamparo, P., Capelli, C., Termin, B., Pendergast, D.R., & di Prampero, P.E. (1996). Effect of the underwater torque on the energy cost, drag and efficiency of front crawl swimming. European Journal of Applied Physiology 73, pp.195-201. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02425476