대한전자공학회논문지SP (Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP)

대한전자공학회 (The Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers)
권호 표지

MPEG-4 동영상 압축에서 비트율과 오류 내성을 고려한 인트라 업데이트

Rate-Distortion Oprimized Error-Resilient Intra Update in MPEG-4 Video Coding

  • 발행 : 2002.11.01
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

동영상 압축에서 움직임 보상은 뛰어난 압축 효율을 보이는 반면에 어느 한 시점에서 오류가 발생할 경우 그 시점 이후로 계속해서 오류가 확산된다는 단점이 있다. 인트라 업데이트 방법은 이러한 오류의 확산을 차단하는 방법이다. 그러나 인트라 업데이트 방법은 압축의 효율을 떨어뜨린다는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 오류의 영향과 비트율 제어를 함께 고려하여 인트라 업데이트를 할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 비트율과 왜곡의 값을 추정하고 라그랑지안 최적화를 통해 부호화 모드와 양자화 파라메터를 선택하는 방법으로 MPEG-4 코덱에 적용하여 실험하였다. 실험 결과는 제안된 방법이 기존의 방법보다 패킷 손실과 같은 오류 환경에서 더 좋은 화질을 나타내는 것을 보여준다.

Motion compensation is a powerful method to compress an image sequence. Its main drawback is that once an error is occurred, the error propagates through the frames. Recently, the intra update method was proposed to stop the error propagation at the expense of reduction in compression efficiency. This paper proposes an intra update method based on a rate-distortion optimization in error prone environments. The rate and the distortion are estimated using the Lagrangian optimization to select the coding mode and the quantization step size. The proposed method is applied to MPEG-4 codec, and the experimental results show that it is robust to the error such as packet losses comparing with the conventional ones.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N3342, Overview of the MPEG-4 Standard (Noordwijkerhout Version), Mar. 2000
  2. T. Ebrahimi and C. Home, 'MPEG-4 natural video coding- An overview,' Signal Processing: Image Communication, Vol. 15, nos. 4-5, pp. 365-385, Jan. 2000 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0923-5965(99)00054-5
  3. Y. Wang and Q. F. Zhu, 'Error Control and Concealment for Video Communication: A Review,' Proc. IEEE, vol. 86, pp. 974-997, May. 1998 https://doi.org/10.1109/5.664283
  4. Y. Wang, S. Wenger, J. Wen, and A. K. Katsaggelos, 'Error resilient video coding techniques,' IEEE Signal Processing Mag., Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 61-82, July 2000 https://doi.org/10.1109/79.855913
  5. S. Wenger, G. Knorr, J. Ott, and F. Kossentini, 'Error resilience support in H.263+,' IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., Vol. CSVT-8, No. 7, pp. 867-877, Nov. 1998 https://doi.org/10.1109/76.735382
  6. ISO/IEC 14496-2, Information Technology-Generic Coding of Audio-Visual Objects, Part 2: Visual (Final Draft of International Standard), Dec. 1998
  7. Madhukar Budagavi, Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman, Jennifer Webb and Faj Talluri, 'wireless MPEG-4 Video Communication on DSP Chips,' IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, pp.36-53, Jan., 2000 https://doi.org/10.1109/79.814645
  8. P. Haskell and D. Messerschmitt, 'Resynchronization of motion compensated video affected by ATM cell loss,' in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, ICASSP'92, Vol. III, San Francisco, CA, USA, Mar. 1992, pp. 545-548 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.1992.226155
  9. K. R. Rao and J. J. Hwang, Techniques and Standards for Image, Video, and Audio Coding, Prentice Hall, 1996
  10. A. Ortega and K. Ramchandran, 'Rate- distortion methods for image and video compression,' IEEE Signal Processing Mag., Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 23-50, Nov. 1998 https://doi.org/10.1109/79.733495
  11. Gary J. Sullivan and thomas Wiegand, 'Rate-Distortion Optimization for Video Compression,' IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Nov., 1998 https://doi.org/10.1109/79.733497
  12. J. Ribas-Corbera and S. Lei, 'Rate control in DCT video coding for low-delay communications,' IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., Vol. CSVT-9, No. 1, pp. 172-185, Feb. 1999 https://doi.org/10.1109/76.744284
  13. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N3312, MPEG-4 Video Verification Model Version 16.0, Mar. 2000
  14. J. Y, Liao and J. Villasenor, 'Adaptive intra block update for robust transmission of H.263,' IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. 'Video Technol., Vol. CSVT-10, No. 1, pp. 30-35, Feb. 2000 https://doi.org/10.1109/76.825855
  15. ITU-T Recommendation H.263, Video Coding for Low Bit Rate Communication, Jan. 1998
  16. K. Stuhlmuller, N. Farber, and B. Girod, 'Adaptive optimal intra update for lossy video transmission,' in Proc. SPIE Visual Commun. Image Proc., VCIP 2000, Vol. 4067, Perth, Australia, June 2000, pp. 286-295
  17. R. Zhang, S. L. Regunathan, and K. Rose, 'Video coding with optimal inter/intra-mode switching for packet loss resilience,' IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., Vol. SAC-18, No. 6, pp. 966-976, June 2000 https://doi.org/10.1109/49.848250
  18. G. Cote and F. Kossentini, 'Optimal intra coding of blocks for robust video communication over the internet,' Signal Processing: Image Communication, Vol. 15, nos. 1-2, pp. 25-34, Sep. 1999 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0923-5965(99)00022-3
  19. S. Wenger and G. Cote, 'Using RFC2429 and H.263+ at low to medium bit-rates for low-latency applications,' in Proc. Packet Video '99, New York, USA, Apr. 1999. Available from http://spmg.ece.ubc.ca/pub/pvw99
  20. G. Cote, S. Shirani, and F. Kossentini, 'Optimal mode selection and synchronization for robust video communications over error-prone networks.' IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., Vol. SAC-18, No. 6, June 2000 https://doi.org/10.1109/49.848249
  21. F. S. Hiller and G. J. Lieberman, Introduction to Mathmatical Programming, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill, 1995
  22. D. K. Smith, Dynamic Programming- A Practical Introduction, Ellis Horwood, 1991
  23. J. Lee and B. W. Dickinson, 'Rate-distortion optimized frame type selection for MPEG encoding,' IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., Vol. CSVT-7, No. 3, pp. 501-510, June 1997 https://doi.org/10.1109/76.585929
  24. T. Wiegand, M. Lightstone, D. Mukherjee, T. G. Campbell, and S. K. Mitra, 'Rate-distortion optimized mode selection for very low bit rate video coding and the emerging H.263 standard' IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., Vol. CSVT-6, No. 2, pp. 182-190, Apr. 1996 https://doi.org/10.1109/76.488825
  25. G. M. Schuster and A. K. Katsaggelos, 'Fast and efficient mode and quantizer selection in the rate distortion sense for H.263,' in Proc. SPIE Visual Commun. Image Proc., VCIP '96, Vol. 2727, Orlando, FL, USA, Mar. 1996, pp. 784-795 https://doi.org/10.1117/12.233293
  26. T. Wiegand and B. D. Andrews, 'An improved H.263 coder using rate-distortion optimization,' ITU-T SG16/Q15 Document Q15-D-13, Apr. 1998. Available from ftp://standard.pictel.com/video-site
  27. 이정우, 호요성, 'MPEG-2 비디오 부호화를 위한 정확한 비트율 제어 알고리즘,' 전자공학회논문지, 제 38권 SP편, 제 2호, pp. 102-110, 2001년 3월
  28. 서재원, 호요성, '디지털 TV 수신기 성능을 개선하기 위한 전송 오류 은폐 기법,' 전자공학회지, 제 28권, 제 11호, pp. 55-61, 2001년 11월