Ocean and Polar Research

Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (한국해양과학기술원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Origins and Paleoceanographic Significance of Layered Diatom Ooze from Bransfield Strait in the Northern Antarctic Peninsula around 2.5 kyrs BP

  • Published : 2002.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

We used diatom and porewater data of two piston cores from the central subbasin and one from the western subbasin in the Bransfield Strait in the northern Antarctic Peninsula to elucidate the depositional mechanism of the layered diatom ooze. The layered diatom ooze is characterized by an abundance of organic carbon, biogenic silica, sulfde sulfur, and lower porewater sulfate concentration. This lack of pore-water sulfate concentration in the diatom ooze interval may reflect development of reducing micro-environment in which bacterially mediated sulfate reduction occurred. The negative relationship between the total organic carbon and sulfate contents, however, indicates that sulfate reduction was partly taking place but does not control organic carbon preservation in this unit. Rather, well-preserved Chaetoceros resting spores in the layered diatom ooze indicate a rapid sedimentation of the diatom as a result of repetitive iceedge blooms on the Bransfield shelf during the cold period (around 2500 yrs BP) when the permanent seaice existed on the shelf, During this period, it is expected that the downslope-flowing cold and dense water was also formed on the Bransfield shelf as a result of sea ice formation, playing an important role for the formation of layered diatom ooze in the Bransfield subbasins.

Keywords

References

  1. Alldredge, A.L. and C.C. Gotschalk. 1989. Direct observations of the mass flocculation of diatom blooms: characteristics, settling velocities and formation of diatom aggregates. Deep-Sea Res., 36, 159-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(89)90131-3
  2. Amos, A.F. and M.K. Lavender. 1992. AMLR program: Dynamics of the summer hydrographic regime at Elephant Island. Ant. J. US, 228-230.
  3. Bjorck, S., H. Hakansson, R. Zale, W. Karlen, and B.L. Jonsson. 1991. A late Holocene lake sediment sequence from Livingstone Island, South Shetland Islands, with palaeoclimatic implications. Ant. Sci., 3, 61-72.
  4. Bull, D. and A.E.S. Kemp. 1996. Composition and origins of laminae in late Quaternary and Holocene sediments from the Santa Barbara Basin. p.143-156. In: Paleoclimatology and Paleoceanography from Laminated Sediments, ed. by A.E.S. Kemp. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., Vol. 116.
  5. Deacon, G. 1984. The Antarctic Circumpolar Ocean, Cambridge University Press.
  6. DeMaster, D.J. 1981. The supply and accumulation of silica in the marine environment. Geoch. Cosmoch. Acta., 45, 1715-1732. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(81)90006-5
  7. Diester-Haass, L. 1978. Sediments as indicators of upwelling. p.261-281. In: Upwelling Ecosystems, eds. by R. Boje and M. Tomczak. Springer, Berlin.
  8. Davis, C.O., J.T. Hollibaugh, D.L.R. Seibert, W.H. Thomas, and P.J. Harrison. 1980. Formation of resting spores by Leptocylindrus danicus (Bacillariophyceae) in a controlled experimental ecosystem. J. Phyco., 16, 296-302. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.1980.tb03034.x
  9. Dunbar, R.B., 1985. Sediment trap experiments in the Antarctic continental margin. Ant. J. US, 19, 70-71.
  10. Dunbar, R.B., A.J. MacPherson, and G. Wefer. 1985. Water column particulate flux and seafloor deposits in the Bransfield Strait and southern Ross Sea, Antarctica. Ant. J. US, 20, 98-100.
  11. Figueiras, F.G., M. Estrada, O. Lopez, and B. Arbones. 1998. Photosynthetic parameters and primary production in the Bransfield Strait: relationships with mesoscale hydrographic structures. J. Mar. Sys., 17, 129-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-7963(98)00034-7
  12. French, F.W. and P.E. Hargraves. 1980. Physiological characteristics of plankton diatom resting spores. Mar. Bio. Letter, 1, 185-195.
  13. Goll, R.M. and K.R. Bjorklund. 1974. Radiolaria in surface sediments of the South Atlantic. Micropaleo., 20, 38-75. https://doi.org/10.2307/1485099
  14. Gordon, A.L. and W.D. Nowlin. 1978. The basin waters of the Bransfield Strait. J. Phys. Oceano., 8, 258-264. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1978)008<0258:TBWOTB>2.0.CO;2
  15. Griffith, T.W. and J.B. Anderson. 1989. Climatic control of sedimentation in bays and fjords of the northern Antarctic Peninsula. Mar. Geol., 85, 181-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(89)90153-9
  16. Grimm, K.A., C.B. Lange, and A.S. Gill. 1997. Self-sedimentation of phytoplankton blooms in the geologic record. Sed. Geol., 100, 151-161.
  17. Grimm, K.A. 1992. High-resolution imaging of laminated diatomaceous sediments and their paleoceanographic significance (Quaternary, ODP Site 798, Japan Sea). p. 547-557. In: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. 128, College Station, Texas, Ocean Drilling Program.
  18. Harden, S., D.J. Demaster, and C.A. Nittrouer. 1992. Developing sediment geochronologies for high-latitude continental shelf deposits: A radiochemical approach. Mar. Geol., 103, 69-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(92)90009-7
  19. Hirst, D.M. 1974. Geochemistry of sediments from eleven Black Sea cores. In: The Black Sea. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem., 20, 430-455
  20. Hofmann, E.E., C.M. Lascara, and J.M. Klinck. 1992. Palmer LTER: Upper-ocean circulation in the LTER region from historical sources. Ant. J. US, 27, 239-241.
  21. Howarth, R.W. 1978. A rapid and precise method for determining sulfate in seawater, estuarine waters and sediment pore waters. Limnol. Oceano., 23, 1066-1069. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1978.23.5.1066
  22. Jordan, R.W, J. Priddle, C.J. Pudsey, P.F. Barker, and M.J. Whitehouse. 1991. Unusual diatom layers in Upper Pleistocene sediments from the northern Weddell Sea. Deep-Sea Res., 38, 829-843. https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(91)90021-7
  23. Kang, S.H. and S.H. Lee. 1995. Antarctic phytoplankton assemblage in the western Bransfield Strait region, February 1993: composition, biomass, and mesoscale distributions. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Series, 129, 253-267. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps129253
  24. Kang, S.H., J.S. Kang, S.H. Lee, K.H. Chung, D.S. Kim, and M.G. Park. 2001. Antarctic phytoplankton assemblages in the marginal ice zone of the northwestern Weddell Sea. J. Plank. Res., 23, 333-352. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/23.4.333
  25. Karl, D.M., B.D. Tilbrook, and G. Tien. 1991. Seasonal coupling of organic matter production and particle flux in the western Bransfield Strait, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Res., 38, 1097-1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(91)90098-Z
  26. Kim, D, D.-Y. Kim, J.-H. Shim, and S.H. Kang. 2000. Particle flux in the eastern Bransfield Strait, Antarctica. Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute Open File Report BSPP00001-05-1329-7, 57-70.
  27. Leventer, A. 1991. Sediment trap diatom assemblages from the northern Antarctic Peninsula region. Deep-Sea Res., 38, 1127-1143. https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(91)90099-2
  28. Leventer, A., R.B. Dunbar, and D.J. DeMaster. 1993. Diatom evidence for late Holocene climatic events in Graniteharbor, Antarctica. Paleoceanography, 8, 373-386. https://doi.org/10.1029/93PA00561
  29. Leventer, A., E.W. Domack, S.E. Ishman, S. Brachfeld, C.E. McClennen, and P. Manly. 1996. Productivity cycles of 200-300 years in the Antarctic Peninsula region: understanding linkages among the sun, atmosphere, oceans, sea ice and biota. Geolog. Soc. Am. Bull., 108, 1626-1644. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<1626:PCOYIT>2.3.CO;2
  30. Leventhal, J.S. 1983. An interpretation of carbon and sulfur relationships in Black Sea sediments as indicators of environments of deposition. Geoch. Cosmoch. Acta, 47, 133-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(83)90097-2
  31. Maynard, N. 1976. Relationship between diatoms in surface sediments of the Atlantic Ocean the biological and physical oceanography of overlying waters. Paleobiol., 2, 99-121. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0094837300003390
  32. Mitchell, B.G., E.A. Brady, O. Holm-Hansen, C. McClain, and J. Bishop. 1991. Light limitation of phytoplankton biomass and macronutrient utilization in the Southern Ocean.
  33. O’Brien, S.R., P.A. Mayewski, L.D. Meeker, D.A. Meese, M.S. Twickler, and S.I. Whitlow. 1995. Complexity of Holocene climate as reconstructed from a Greeland ice core. Sci., 270, 1962-1964. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5244.1962
  34. Passow, U., A.L. Alldredge, and B.E. Logan. 1994. The role of particulate carbonhydrate exudates in the flocculation of diatom blooms. Deep-Sea Res., 41, 335-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(94)90007-8
  35. Patterson, S.L. and H.A. Sievers. 1980. The Weddell-Scotia Confluence. J. Phys. Oceano., 10, 1584-1610. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1980)010<1584:TWSC>2.0.CO;2
  36. Reynolds, J.M. 1981. Distribution of mean annual air temperatures in the Antarctic Peninsula. Brit. Ant. Sur. Bull., 54, 123-133.
  37. Sancetta, C. 1989. Processes controlling the accumulation of diatoms in sediments: a model derived from British Columbian Fjords. Paleoceanography, 4, 235-251. https://doi.org/10.1029/PA004i003p00235
  38. Scherer, R.P. 1995. A new method for the determination of absolute abundance of diatoms and other silt-sized sedimentary particles. J. Paleolimnology, 12, 171-179.
  39. Schimmelmann, A. and C.B. Lang. 1996. Tales of 1001 varves: a review of Santa Brabara Basin sediment studies. p.121-144. In: Paleoclimatology and Paleoceanography from Laminated Sediments, ed. by A.E.S. Kemp. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., Vol.116.
  40. Schulz, K.A., U. von Rad, and U. von Stackelberg. 1996. Laminated sediments from oxygen-minimum zone of the northeastern Arabian Sea. p.185-207. In: Paleoclimatology and Paleoceanography from Laminated Sediments, ed. by A.E.S. Kemp. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., Vol.116.
  41. Shevenell, A.E, E.W. Domack, and G.M. Kernan. 1996. Record of Holocene paleoclimate changes along the Antarctic Peninsula: evidence from glacial marine sediments, Lallemand Fjord. In: Climate Succession and Glacial History over the Past Five Million Years, eds. by M.R. Banks and M.J. Brown. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 130(2), 55-64.
  42. Vogel, A.I. 1975. A Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis. Longmans, London, 1216 p.
  43. Wefer, G., G. Fischer, D. Fuetterer, and R. Gersonde. 1988. Seasonal particle flux in the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica. Deep -Sea Res., 35, 891-898. https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90066-0
  44. Whitworth III, T., W.D. Nowlin Jr, A.H. Orsi, R.A., Locarnini, and S.G. Smith. 1994. Weddell Sea shelf water in the Bransfield Strait and Weddell-Scotia Confluence. Dee-Sea Res., 41, 629-641. https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(94)90046-9
  45. Yih, H., D. Kang, and S. Kim. 1998. Preliminary observation along a hydrographic section in the Weddell Sea during the 1996 field season. Kor. J. Polar Res., 9, 47-54.
  46. Yoon, H.I., M.W. Han, B.-K. Park, J.K. Oh, and S.K. Chang. 1994. Depositional environment of near-surface sediments, King George Basin, Bransfield Strait, Antarctica. Geo-Mar. Letters, 12, 1-19.
  47. Yoon, H.I., B.-K. Park, and Y. Kim. 2002. A possible mechanism for the formation of layered diatom ooze from Bransfield Strait, Antarctic Peninsula. International workshop on Antarctic Peninsula climate variability held in Hamilton College April 3-5, 2002, 95 p. (abstract).