Toxicological Research

Korean Society of Toxicology & Korea Environmental Mutagen Society (한국독성학회)
권호 표지

Initial Risk Assessment of Disodium Disulphite in OECD High Production Volume Chemical Program

  • Sanghwan Song (Environmental Risk Assessment Division, National institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Park, Yoonho (Environmental Risk Assessment Division, National institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Park, Hye-Youn (Environmental Risk Assessment Division, National institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kwon, Min-Jeoung (Environmental Risk Assessment Division, National institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Koo, Hyun-Ju (Environmental Risk Assessment Division, National institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Jeon, Seong-Hwan (Environmental Risk Assessment Division, National institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Na, Jin-Gyun (Environmental Risk Assessment Division, National institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Park, Kwangsik (Environmental Risk Assessment Division, National institute of Environmental Research)
  • Published : 2002.03.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Disodium disulphite, the HPV chemical, was assigned to Korea in order to implement OECD SIDS program in 1999. It was produced about 3,200 ton/year in 1998. This report evaluates the toxic potency of disodium disulphite based on the environmental and mammalian effects as well as human exposure. Oral $LD_{50}$ in rats is 1,540 mg/kg b.w. and effects was observed to the stomach, liver and the GI track that was filled with blood. For repeated dose toxicity, the predominant effect was the induction of stomach lesion due to local irritation. The no observed adverse effect lever for local (stomach irritation) was about 217 mg/kg bw/day. There is no evidence that disodium disulphite is genotoxic in vivo. No reproductive or developmental toxicty of disodium disulphite was observed for the period up to 2 yr and over three generation. In humans, urticaria and asthma with itching, edema, rhinitis, and nasal congestion were reported. Disodium disulphite is unlikely to induce respiratory sensitization but may enhance symptom of asthma in sensitive individuals. This chemical would be mainly transported to water compartment when released to environmental compartments since it is highly water soluble (470 g/l at 20). Low K oc (2.447) indicates disodium disulphite is so mobile in soil that it may not stay in the terrestrial compartment. The chemical has been tested in a limited number of aquatic species. hem acute toxicity test to fish, 96 hr-$LC_{50}$ was > 100 mg/1. For algae, 72 hr-$XC_{50}$ was 48.1 mg/1. For daphnid, the acute toxicity value of 48 hr-$EC_{50}$ was 88.76 mg/1, and chronic value of 21day-NOEC was > 10 mg/1. Therefore, PNEC of 0.1 mg/l for the aquatic organism was obtained from the chronic value of daphnid using the assessment factor of 100. Based on these data the disodium disulphite was recommended as low priority for further post-SIDS work in OECD.

Keywords

References

  1. Contact Dermatitis v.14 no.194 Contact dermatitis caused by sodium metabisulphite Apetato M.;Marques M.S.J.
  2. Med. J. Aust. v.2 Bronchospasm induced by metabisulfite-containing foods and drugs Baker G.J.;Collett P.;Allen D.H.
  3. unpublished data (80/339) Department of ecology Basf,A.G.
  4. unpublished data (0897/88) Department of ecology Basf,A.G.
  5. Department of ecology v.0897/88 Basf. A.G.
  6. unpublished data (0897/88) Department of ecology Basf, A.G.
  7. Department of ecology v.2057/93 Basf. A.G.
  8. Unpublished study (89/380) Department of Toxicology Basf,A.G.
  9. Safety data sheet Basf,A.G.
  10. Carcinogen, Mutagen. v.5 The mutagenicity of sodium bisulfite on based-substitution strains of S. typhimurium. Teratogen. De Giovanni-Donnelly,R. https://doi.org/10.1002/tcm.1770050307
  11. Microfiche No. OTS 0557795 Toxic Substance Control Act Submission Eastman Kodak Co.
  12. Unpublished studies (87.1374) Hoechst,A..G.
  13. Unpublished studies v.87 no.1241 Hoechst A.G.
  14. Unpublished studies v.87 no.1293 Hoechst A.G.
  15. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. v.101 The intravenous toxicity of sodium bisulfite Hoppe,J.O.;Goble,F.C.
  16. Fd. Chem. Toxic. v.22 Primary mutagenicity screening of food additives currently used in Japan Ishidate,M.;Sofuni,T.;Yoshikawa,K.;Hayashi,M.;Nohmi,T.;Sawada,M.;Mastuoka,A. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(84)90271-0
  17. Contact Dermatitis v.33 Contact dermatitis and asthma from sodium metabisulfite in a photographic technician Jacobs M.C.;Rycroft R.J.G.
  18. J. Allergy Clin Immunol. v.28 Contact dermatitis to sulfating agents Larame,B.;Bedard,P.M.;Hebert,J.
  19. Sodium metabisulfite Documentation of thresh-old limit values, ACGIH, Cincinnati Le-Stradic-Reygagne A.
  20. Proc. Publ. Rochester Int. Conf. Environ. Toxic. Mol. Environ. Aspects Mutagenesis (6th) Maxwell,W.A.;Newell,G.W.
  21. Survey on Circulation Volume of Chemicals in Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE)
  22. The Toxicity of DIsodium disulphite to Fish (tested by KRICT) Ministry of Environment (MOE)
  23. Study of the Mutagenic Effect of Sodium Meta-Bisulfite (71-22) v.PB-221 no.825 Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
  24. Prepared for the FDA, PB-221 795 Teratologic Evaluation of Compound FDA 71-22 (Sodium Meta-Bisulfite) National Technical Information Service (NTIS);U.S. Department of Commerce
  25. Teratologic Evaluation of compound FDA 71-22;Sodium Meta-Bisulfite in Rabbit v.PB-267 no.194 Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
  26. Compound Report F76-004 Sodium Meta-Bisulfite, PB 89-193684 Microbial Mutagenesis Testing of Substances National Technical Information Service (NTIS), U.S. Department of Commerce
  27. Study of the Mutagenic Effect of Sodium Meta-Bisulfite (76-73) by Dominant Lethal Test in rats v.PB-299 no.836 Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
  28. Mutation Res. v.228 Autoxidation and mutagenicity of sodium bisulfite Pagano,D.A.;Zeiger,E.;Stack,A. https://doi.org/10.1016/0027-5107(90)90016-W
  29. Mutation Res. v.179 Condition affecting the mutagenicity of sodium bisulfite in S typhimurium Pagano D.G.;Zeiger E.
  30. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. (USSR) v.84 Test strains of E. coli for the detection of chemical mutagens Pekhov A.P.;Reshetnikova V.N.
  31. J. Allergy Clin. Innunol. v.85 Evaluation of ocular hypersensitivity to dipovalyl epinephrine by component eye-drop testing Petersen,P.E.;Evans,R.B.;Johnstone,M.A.;Handerson,W.R. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-6749(90)90083-G
  32. Fd Chem. Toxic. v.21 no.2 Attempts to induce cytogenetic effects with sulphite in sulphite oxidase deficient chinese Hamsters and mice Renner,H.W.;Wever,J. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(83)90225-9
  33. WHO Food Additives Series 21 Toxicological Evaluation of Certain Food additives and contaminants Rost E.;Handbuck der Lebensmittelchemie;Springer-Verlag S.
  34. J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol. v.2 Intolerance to sodium metabisulfite in children with steroid-dependent asthma Sanz,J.;Martorell,A.;Torro,I.;Cerda,J.C.;Alvarez,V.
  35. Sci. Total Environ. v.92 Effect of Sodium Metabisulphite on Cholorophy II, Protein and Nitrate Reductase Activity of Tomato Leaves Singh,S.N.;Yumus,N.;Singh,N. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(90)90337-T
  36. J. Allerg. Clin. Immunol. v.65 Nasal congestion, urticaria, and angioedema, caused by IgE-mediated reaction to sodium metabisulfite Sokoi,W.N.;Hydick,I.B.
  37. Fd. Cosmet. Toxicol. v.10 The toxicity of sulfite;I. Long-term feeding and multigeneration studies in rats Til H.P.;Feron V.J.;De Groot A.P. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-6264(72)80250-5
  38. Allergol. Immnol. v.21 Bronchial asthma caused by occupational sulfite exposure Valero,A.L.;Bescos,M.;Amet,P.;Malet,A.
  39. Allerg. Immunol. v.27 Allergie et exposition professionnelle aux composes soufres:questions posees Vallon C.;Sainte-Laudy J.;Nasr M.
  40. Dermatology v.187 Disulfiteinduced acute intermittent urticaria with vasculitis Wuthrich,B.;Kagi,M.K.;Hafner,J. https://doi.org/10.1159/000247271