Effect of Tillage Management of Paddy Field on Runoff and Nutrient Losses during Non-Cropping Season

  • Yoon, Kwang-Sik (Department of Bio-Systems and Agricultural Engineering(Inst. Of Ag. Sci. and Tech), Chonnam National University) ;
  • Choi, Jin-Kyu (Department of Agricultural Engineering, (Inst. Of Ag. Sci. and Tech), Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Jun, Im-Sang (Biological Systems Engineering Department)
  • Published : 2002.12.01

Abstract

Runoff, sediments and nutrient losses were studied under different patterns of paddy field management: (1) fall and spring plowing (Plowing)i (2) fall plowing for half of plot and spring plowing (Semi-plowing); (3) no-till for fall and spring plowing (Un-plowing) during the non-cropping period in the southern Korea for two years. The runoff amount and initial abstract were significantly affected by plowing practices. Un-plowing plot showed the highest runoff amount among treatments. The concentrations of sediment from Plowing plot were much higher than those from Un-plowing plot, especially after (all plowing. Sediment losses from Plowing plot were 25% more than those from Un-plowing plot. There was significant difference in nutrient losses via runoff water and sediment according to plowing practice. Two-year average of losses of N from paddy field during non-cropping period were 9.42 kg ha$\^$-1/, 8.17kg ha$\^$-1/, and 7.76 kg ha$\^$-l/ for Un-plowing, Semi-plowing, and Plowing plot, respectively, while losses of P were 0.64 kg ha$\^$-1/, 0.58 kg ha$\^$-1/, and 0.58 kg ha$\^$-1/ for each tillage system. Losses of total-N, ammonia-N, nitrate-N, Total-P from Un-plowing plot was larger than those from Plowing and Semi-plowing plots during study period.

Keywords

References

  1. Brady, D.J., 1996. The watershed protection approach. Water Science Technology. 33:17-25
  2. Bray, R.H., Kurtz, L.T., 1945. Determination of total, organic and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Science 59: 39-45
  3. Bremner, J.M., 1965. Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. Agronomy 9: 1149-1178
  4. Chescheir, G.M., Gilliam, J.M., Skags, R.W., Broadhead, R.G., 1991. Nutrient and sediment removal in forested wetlands receiving pumped agricultural drainage water. Wetlands 11: 87-103
  5. Choi, J.K., Koo, J.W., Son, J.G., Yoon, K.S., Cho, J.Y., 2001. Nutrient Balance and Runoff Loading During Cropping period from a Paddy Plot in Maryeong Irrigation District. Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 43(5): 153-162. (in Korean)
  6. Davenport, T.E., Phillips, N.J., Kirschner, B.A., Kirschner, L.T., 1996. The watershed protection approach. Water Science Technology 33: 23-32
  7. Jung, P.K., Lee, K.S., 1995. Annual report of agricultural research, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
  8. Kim, B.Y., Cho, J.K, 1995. Nutrient effluence by the outflowing water from the paddy field during rice growing season. Korean Committee Irrigation and Drainage 2:150-156. (in Korean)
  9. Kim, K.R., Miller, W.P., 1995. Soil detachment by single and multiple waterdrops. Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology 38:151-156
  10. Kim, S.J., 1997. Physically based soil water erosion model. Journal of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 39: 82-89. (in Korean)
  11. Kunimatsu, T., 1983. Crop land recycling of nutrients and purification function in paddy fields. Research Report of Lake Biwa Research Institution 2:28-35
  12. Kunimatsu, T., Rang, L., Sudo, M., Takeda, I., 1994. Runoff loadings of materials causing water pollution from a paddy field during a nonplanting period. Trans. JSIDRE 170:45-54
  13. Lee, C.K., Lee, K.C., Lee, H.J., Rhu, H.I., Lee, M.H., Jun, S.H., Kim, S.S., Kim, S.K., Kim, S.D., 1990. Studies on good agricultural practice in the use of fertilizer and agrochemical. Report of Korean Environmental Research 12:293-310. (in Korean)
  14. Murphy J and Riley JP, 1962. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta 27: 31-36
  15. O' Connor, P.W., Syers, J.K., 1975. Comparison of methods for the determination of total phosphorus in waters containing particulate material. Journal of Environmental Quality 4: 347-350
  16. Seta, A.K, Blevins, R.L., Frye, W.W., Barfield, W., 1993. Reducing soil erosion and agricultural chemical losses with conservation tillage. Journal of Environmental Quality 24: 106-111
  17. Sharpley, A.N., Smith, S.J., Berg, W.A., Williams, J.R., 1985. Nutrient runoff losses as predicted by annual and monthly soil sampling. Journal of Environmental Quality 14:354-359
  18. Shell, S.E., 1996. The uncertain future of clean water act agricultural pollution exemption after concerned area residents for the environment. Vol. 44. No.7. December 2002 Land Water Review 31:113-120
  19. Shin, D.S., Kwun, S.K, 1990. Input output of nitrogen and phosphorus in a paddy field. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture 9:133-141. (in Korean)
  20. Tabuchi, T., Takamura, Y., 1985. Nitrogen and phosphorus outflow from catchment area. Tokyo University Press, Tokyo
  21. Takeda, I., Fukushima, A, Tanaka, R., 1997. Non-point pollutant reduction in a paddy-field watershed using a circular irrigation system. Water Research 31:2685-2692
  22. Takeda, I., Kunimatsu, T., Kobayshi, S., Maruyama, T., 1991. Pollutant balance of a paddy field area and it' s loading in the water system. Trans. JSIDRE 153: 63-72
  23. US Department of Interior, 1971. FWPCA methods for chemical analysis of water wastes. National Environmental Research Center, Ohio
  24. Yoo, C.H., Shin, B.W., Jeong, J.H., Han, S.S., Kim, S.J., Han, S.S., 1997. Changes of soil physico-chemical properties under different tillages of paddy soil. Journal of Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer. 30: 140-145. (in Korean)
  25. Yoon, K.S., Cho, J.G., Han, K.H., Choi, J.K., Son, J.G, Cho, J.Y., 2002. Sediment Losses from a Paddy Plot during Cropping Period. Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning 8(1):60-68