Enhancement of Tissue Type Plasminogen Activator (tPA) Production from Recombinant CHO Cells by Low Electromagnetic Fields

  • Lee, Seo-Ho (School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Hyun-Soo (School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Mi-Kyoung (School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Jin-Ha (School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kim, Jong-Dai (School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Park, Young-Shik (O.Z. Tech., Hitech Venture Town) ;
  • Lee, Shin-Young (School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Hyeon-Yong (School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University)
  • Published : 2002.06.01

Abstract

Low Electromagnetic Field (EMF) intensity in the range of $1{\mu}T\;to\;10{\mu}T$(Tesla) was found to enhance the growth of CHO cells and the production of tPA in batch and perfusion cultivations. At $1{\mu}T\;intensity,\;1.3{\times}10^7$ viable cells/ml of maximum cell density and 80 mg/l of maximum tPA production were obtained in batch cultivation, compared to $2.8{\times}10^6$ viable cells/ml and 59 mg tPA/1 in unexposed case (control). A similar trend was observed in the perfusion process, where it was possible to obtain $1.2{\times}10^7$ viable cells/ml of maximum cell density and 81 mg tPA/l of maximum tPA production by more than 80 days of cultivation. However, there was not much difference between $1{\mu}T\;and\;10{\mu}T$ in perfusion cultivation, possibly due to better environmental growth conditions being maintained by continuous feeding of fresh medium into the reactor. On the contrary, both cell growth and tPA production were severely inhibited at higher than 1 mT intensity, showing no growth at 10 mT exposure. Specific growth rate was linearly correlated to specific tPA production rate at $1{\mu}T$EMF intensity, which represents a partially growth-related relationship. It was also found that a large amount of $Ca^2+$ was released at low EMF intensity, even though the cell growth was not much affected. Low EMF intensity significantly improved both cell growth and tPA production, and tPA production seemed to be more affected than the cell growth, possibly due to the changes of cell membrane characteristics. It can be concluded that the elaboration of EMF intensity less than $10{\mu}T$ could improve cell growth and tPA production, but mainly tPA secretion through batch or perfusion process in a bioreactor.

Keywords

References

  1. Lancet v.342 Electromaginetic fields and childhood cancer Ahlbom, A.;M. L. Feychting;M. Koskenvuo;J. H. Olsen;E. Pukkala;D. Verkasalo
  2. Nature v.360 EMF report duaws fire Bnderson, G.
  3. Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals Bailey, J. E.;D. F. Ollis(eds.)
  4. Bioelectrochem. Bioenergy v.48 Problems of weak electromagnetic field affects in cell biology Berg, H. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0302-4598(99)00012-4
  5. Biotechnol. Bioeng. v.38 Long-Term perfusion cultivation of hybridoma: A grow or die cell cycle system Broise, D. L.;M. Noiseux;R. Lemieux;B. Massie https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380712
  6. Bioelectrochem. Bioeng. v.33 Correlation between the amplitude of plasma memberane fluctuation and the response to cells Broude, N. L.;R. Karabakgistian;N. A. Shatls;A. S. Henderson https://doi.org/10.1016/0302-4598(94)87028-4
  7. Carcinogenesis v.8 The effects of low energy 60Hz environment upon growth related anzyme decarboxylase Byus, C. V.;S. F. Pieper;W. R. Adey https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/8.10.1385
  8. Biochem. Pharmacol. v.55 Inhibition of the membrane translocation and activation of protein kinase C and potentiation of doxorubicin induced apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells Cheng, A. L.;S. E. Chuang;R. L. Fine;K. H. Yal;C. M. Liao;D. S. Chen https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(97)00594-7
  9. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. v.12 Screening of high productivity cell lines and investigation of their physiology in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultures for transforming growth factor-β1 oridyctuib Chun, G. T.;J. B. Lee;S. U. Nam;S.W. Lee;Y. H. Jeong;E. Y. C. Y. Choi;I. H. Kim;Y. S. Jeong;P. H. Kim
  10. Biotechnol. Bioeng. v.35 Loss of antibody productivity in continuous culture of hybridoma Frame, K. K.;W. S. Hu https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260350504
  11. Cultivation of Animal Cells Freshney, R. I.
  12. Calcified Tissue Int. v.55 Combined magnetic fields increased net calcim flux in bone cells Futzimmons, R. J.;J. T. Rayby;F. P. Magee;D. J. Baylink https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00299318
  13. Bioenergetics v.43 Transcription and transduction in cells exposed to extremely low magnetic fields Goodman, R.;H. A. Shirley
  14. Cell Stress Cheprones v.3 Magnetic field stress induces espression of hsp 70 Goodman, R. P.;M. O. Blank
  15. Am. J. Epidemiol. v.143 Childhood brain tumor occurrence in relation to residential power line configurations Gurney, J. G.;B. A. Mueller, S. Davis;S. M. Schwartz;R. G. Stevens;K. J. Kopechy https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008718
  16. Bioelectrochem. Bioenergetics v.44 Biological and technical variables in mycespression in HL 60 cells exposed to 60 Hz electromagnetic fields Jin, M.;H. L. Lin;M. K. Opler;S. Maurer;M. O. Blank;R. P. Coodman https://doi.org/10.1016/S0302-4598(97)00054-8
  17. J. Biol. Chem. v.269 Actization of Str-like;tyrosine kinase by ionizing radiation Kharbanka, S.;Z. M. Yuan;F. L. Rubin R. Weichselbaum;D. G. Kufe
  18. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. v.11 Expression of the functional recombinant interleukin-16 in E. coli and mammalian cell lines Kim, S. Y.;C. H. Lee;K. J. Kim;Y. S. KIm
  19. Bioelectromagnetics v.12 Possible mechanism for the influence of weak magnetic fields on biological systems Lednev, V.V. https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250120202
  20. Occup. Environ. Med. v.53 Epidemiological appraisal of studies of residential exposure to power frequency magnetic fields and adult cancers Li, C. Y.;G. Theriault;R. S. Lin https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.53.8.505
  21. Cytotechnol. v.5 Cultivation of human human hepatoma HepG2 in hollow fiber bioreactor Liu, J. J.;B. S. Chen;C. T. Tsai;Y. J. Wu;V. F. Pang;T. H. Chang https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00365429
  22. J. Biol. Chem. v.257 Kinetics of the activation of plasminogen by human tissue plasminogen activator Marc, H.;C. Dingeman;H. Rijiken;R. Lijen;D. Collen
  23. Enzyme Microb. Technol. v.17 Continuous hybridoma culture in low-protein serum free medium supplemented with liposomes Martial. A.;I. Gaillark J. M. Engasser;A. Marc https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(95)00034-8
  24. J. Radial. Protect v.14 Exposure to power=frequency magnetic fields in the home Merchant, C. J.;D. C. Renew;J. Swanson https://doi.org/10.1088/0952-4746/14/1/008
  25. Bioprocess Engineering Michael, L.;K. Shuler;F. Kargi(eds.)
  26. NIH Publication v.98 NIEHS Working Group Report: Assessment of health effects from fxposure to power line frequency electric and magnetic fields Portier, C. L.;M. Volfe(eds.)
  27. JAMA v.268 Epidemiological and laboratory studies of power frequency electric and magnetic fields Sagan, L. A. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.268.5.625
  28. Am. J. Epidemiol. v.128 Case control study of childhood cancer and exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields Savitz, D. A.;H. Wachtel;F. A. Barnes;E. M. John;J. G. Tvrdik https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114943
  29. Proc. Natl. Acid. Sci. v.87 Repetitive in crease in cytosolic Ca of guard cells by ascorbic acid activation Schroeder, J. J.;S. Hagiwara
  30. Anticancer Res. v.15 Endonuclease activity and induction of DNA fragmentation in human myelogenous leukemic cell lines Shiota, Y. F.;H. Sakgami;N. Kuribayashi;M. Ilda;T. Sakagami;M. Takeda
  31. Genetic Eng. News v.21 Trends in baculovirus and insect cell culture Wrontnowski, C.
  32. Chil. Chem. Acta v.141 A simple spectrophophotometeric assay of plasminogen activator Zaoui, D.;B. L. Fevre;H. Magdelenat;J. G. Bieth https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(84)90002-0