The Effects of Background Knowledge and Prior-Examples in Creative Problem Solving

창의적 아이디어 산출에 대한 배경지식과 사례의 영향

  • 이정모 (성균관대학교 심리학과/인지과학과정) ;
  • 정재학 (성균관대학교 심리학과/인지과학과정)
  • Published : 2002.06.01

Abstract

Three experiments were conducted to investigate whether different types (common vs. uncommon) of prior-examples entail different effects in creative problem solving, and whether types/levels (rich or lean. common or uncommon) of background knowledge interact with types of prior-examples. It was found that the example types and the types/levels of background knowledge do interact and have some differential effects on generating novel and useful ideas. In Experiment 1 and 2. uncommon examples had a positive effect - generating many novel and useful ideas. regardless of background knowledge types. while common examples had positive effects, only when the background knowledge was somewhat uncommon In Experiment 3 it was also found that types (irrelevant,. single common. single uncommon, or multiple common + uncommon) of background knowledge seemed to influence differently on the ease of finding solutions: when background knowledge is diverse or not directly related to the task problem, uncommon prior examples produced much greater number of novel ideas than it was with single common or sin91e uncommon background knowledge. Implications of the present study were discussed. in relation to mental sets and fixation.

본 연구에서는 창의적 아이디어 산출에 대한 선행정보로서 배경지식과 사전에 제시되는 사례들이 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 실험 1에서는 사례의 일상성이 창의적 아이디어 산출에 관련이 있는지를 알아보았다. 실험 2에서는 배경지식과 사례의 독특성 정도가 창의적 아이디어 산출에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다 실험 3에서는 배경지식과 사례의 복합적 관계가 창의적 아이디어 산출에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 알아보았다. 본 연구에서는 아이디어 산출과정에서 사례와 배경지식 모두에서 일상적 경우보다 비일상적 경우가 창의적 문제해결에서 긍정적 영향을 미친다는 결과를 얻었다. 또한 일상적인 사례를 제공받은 조건에서도 배경지식의 속성을 다양하게 제공받거나 비 일상적인 배경지식(문제와 직접관련성이 없는 내용)을 제공받는 경우 창의적인 문제해결에서 긍정적인 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이는 배경지식과 사례들이 서로 상호작용 하여 선행정보로서 창의적 문제해결에 영향을 미침을 시사한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Thinking lieracy: The mind at work Creative Cognition Demystifying creativity Smith, S.M.;C.Hedley;P.Antonacci(Eds.)
  2. Creative cofnition:Theory,research,and application Finke.R.A.;Ward,T.B.;Smith S.M.(Eds.)
  3. Group Dynamics v.4 Cognitive stive stimulation and problem oresentatuin in idea-generating groups Coskur,H.;Paulus,P.;Brown,V.;Sherwood,J.
  4. Journal of Applied Psychology v.76 Unblocking brainstorms Gallupe,R.;Bastianutti,L.;Cooper,W.
  5. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory. & Cognition v.23 Contribution of inadequate source monitoring to uncinscious plagiarism during idea generation Marsh,R.L;Landau,J.D;Hicks,J.L
  6. Journal of Creative Behavior v.35 Collavorative sketching-an idea generation techniques for engineerung design shah,J.;Vargas,H.;Summers,J.;Kulkarn,R.
  7. Journal of Creative Behavior v.29 Creativity: A knowledge base. metacognitive skills. and personality factors Feldhusen,J.F.
  8. Psychological Inquiry v.4 Investing in creativity Sternber,R.J;Subart,T.I
  9. Concenitive Psychology v.27 Structure imagination: The role of conceptual structure in exemplar generation Ward,T.B
  10. Memory & cognition v.21 Constraining effects of examples in a creative generation task Smith, S.M.;Wark,T.B.;Schumacher,J.S.
  11. Widening horizons in creativity Creativity amd the prepared mind : The role of informationand induced attitudes Hyman,R.;C.W.Taylor(ED.)
  12. Encyclopedia of Creativity v.2 Insight Sternberg,R.J.;Davidson,J.E
  13. Journal of Creative Behavior v.20 Usefulness of the ideation principle of extended effort in real world professional and managerial creative problem solving Basadur,M.;Thompson,R.
  14. Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Society for Text and Discourse Representation and Processing of Contrastive Information in discourse comprehension Lee,J.M.;Choi,S.;Lee,J.G.;Cho,K.H.