The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition (한국식품영양학회지)

The Korean Society of Food and Nutrition (한국식품영양학회)
권호 표지

Proximate Compositions and Selected Phytoestrogens of Iranian Black Pomegranate Extract and Its Products

이란산 흑석류 농축액과 그 제품의 성분 및 함유된 Phyto 에스트로겐류에 관한 연구

  • 최원균 ((주)넥서스테크놀로지스 연구개발부) ;
  • 정교순 ((주)넥서스테크놀로지스 연구개발부) ;
  • 조규성 (한경대학교 식품공학과) ;
  • 황명오 ((주)한일양행) ;
  • 유영숙 (한국과학기술원 생체대사연구센터)
  • Published : 2002.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal compounds fecund In a variety of plants, which exert estrogenic effects in animals. In this study, the physico-chemical properties of Iranian black pomegranate extract and its products as preliminarily research for the developing of natural estrogen supplement were evaluated. The chemical components of Iranian black pomegranate extracts and its product (Forever 120) were analyzed. Proximate compositions of pomegranate extracts were as follows; crude lipid 0.4%, crude protein 0.9%, crude ash 1.4% and carbohydrate 42.0%. Major amino acids of pomegranate extracts are glutamic acid (1310.0ppm), aspartic acid (896.2ppm), arginine (877.7ppm) and phenylalanine (57.5ppm). Fatty acid compositions of pomegranate extract 1ibid extracted by chloroform-methanol (2:1) were myristic (13.1%), stearic (69.4), oleic acid (6.8%) and palmitic acid (8.3%). Mineral elements were ferrous (6640.0ppm) and potassium (2550.8ppm). Vitamins were composed of ascorbic acid(20.0mg/100g), Vit. B$_1$(0.12mg/100g) and niacin (0.80mg/100g). 20 phytoestrogens and 20 estrogens of pomegranate extracts were detected Daidzein (0.29ppm), quercetin (9.75ppm) genistein (0.29ppm) and 17 $\beta$ -estradiol(0.15ppm). Above the chemical components of pomegranate extracts were compared with that of pomegranate its product or other isoflavon concentrates.

천연 호르몬 보충 제제의 개발을 위한 기초 연구로 이란산 흑석류 과즙 농축액과 이를 이용한 제품의 화학성분들을 분석하였다. 석류 농축액의 일반성분은 수분 39.3%, 조지방 0.4%, 조단백질 0.9%, 조회분 1.4%, 그리고 탄수화물은 42.0%이었다. 아미노산 함량은 글루탐산이 1310.0ppm, 아스파르트산이 896.2ppm, 아르기닌이 877.7ppm, 페닐알라닌이 57.5ppm순으로 무기 성분들은 철분 6640.0ppm, 염소 3464.0ppm, 칼륨 2550.8ppm, 인 150.0ppm, 칼슘 80.0ppm순으로 많이 함유되어 있었다. 비타민은 5가지의 수용성 비타민이 함유되어 있었으며 그 중 비타민 C(20mg/100g)를 제외한 나머지 비타민들이 아주 적은 양이 있었다. 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid(8.3%)와 stearic acid(69.4%)로 전체 지방산의 약 60~80%를 차지하고 있었다. 또한 6종의 Phyto 및 에스트로겐류가 들어 있었으며 각각 daidzein 23.72ppm, quercetin 9,75ppm, catechin 1.48ppm, genistein 0.29ppm, 2,3-di-MeO-estradiol이 0.04ppm, 그리고 17$\beta$-에스트라디올이 0.15ppm이 함유되어 있었다. 이상의 결과들을 석류 농축액으로 제조한 제품 포에버 120과 칡과 대두 isoflavon 농축분말과 비교하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Morishige, K. Matsumoto, K., Ohmichi, M., Nishio, Y., Adachi, K., Hayakawa, J., Nukui, K., Tasaka, K., Kurachi. H. and Murata, Y. : Clinical features affecting the results of estrogen replacement therapy on bone density in Japanese postmenopausal women. Gynecol, Obstet. Invest., 52(4), 223-6(2001) https://doi.org/10.1159/000052979
  2. Cauley, J. A., Zmuda, J. M., Ensrud, K, E., Bauer, D. C. and Ettinger, B. : Timing of estrogen replacement therapy for optimal osteoporosis prevention, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 86(12), 5700-5(2001) https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.86.12.5700
  3. Clavel-Chapelon, F. and risk of breast cancer, presse Med, 21; 29(31), 1688-1693 (2000)
  4. Pike, M. C. and Ross, R. K. : Effect of hormone replacement therapy on beast cancer risk : estrogen versus estrogen plus progestin, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 6; 92(23), 1951-1952 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/92.23.1951
  5. Herrmann, K, : Review on chemical composition and constituents of some important exotic fruits, Z. Lebensm Unters Forsch., 173(1), 47-60 (1981) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01042840
  6. Moneam, N. M., Sharaky, A. S. and Badreldin, M. M. : Oestrogen content of pomegranate seed, J. Chromatogr., 22; 438(2), 438-42 (1988) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)90278-4
  7. 남산당 : 원색천연약물대사전 (1989)
  8. 안덕균 : 한국본초도감, 교학사 (1999)
  9. Kaplan, M., Hayek, T., Raz, A., Coleman, R., Dornfeld, L., Vaya, J. and Aviram, M. : Pomegranate Juice Supplementation to Atherosclerotic Mice Reduces Macrophage Lipid Peroxidation, Cellular Cholesterol Accumulation and Development of Atherosclerosis, J Nutr., 131(8), 2082-2089 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.8.2082
  10. Amakura, Y., Okada, M., Tsuji, S. and Tonogai, Y. : Highperformance liquid chromatographic determination with photodiode array detetion of ellagic acid in fresh and processed fruits, J. Chromatogr., A, 27; 896(1-2): 87-93(2000) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00414-3
  11. De Pascual-Teresa, S., Santos-Buelga, C. and Rivas-Gonzalo, J. C. : Quantitative analysis of flavan-3-ols in Spanish foodstuffs and beverages, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48(11), 5331-7 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000549h
  12. Gil, M. I., Tomas-Barberan, F. A., Hess-pierce, B., Holcroft, D. M. and Kader, A. A. : Antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice and its relationship with phenolic composition and processing, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48(10), 4581-9 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000404a
  13. Aviram, M., Domfeld, L., Rosenblat, M., Volkova, N., Kaplan, M., coleman, R., Hayek T., presser, D. and Fuhrman, B. : Pomegranate juice consumption reduces oxidative stress, atherogenic modifications to LDL, and platelet aggregation: studies in humans and in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice., Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 71(5), 1062-76 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/71.5.1062
  14. Krishna, A. and Banerjee, A. B. : Antimicrobial screening of some Indian spices, phytother. Res., 13(7), 616-8(1999) https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199911)13:7<616::AID-PTR475>3.0.CO;2-V
  15. Schubert, S. Y., Lansky, E. P. and Neeman, I. : Antioxidant and eicosanoid enzyme inhibition properties of pomegranate seed oil and femented juice flavonoids, J. Ethnopharmacol., 66(1), 11-7 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00222-0
  16. Morsy, T. A., Mazyad, S. A. and el-Sharkawy. I. M. : The larvicidal activity of solvent extracts of three medicinal plants against third instar larvae of Chrysomyia albiceps, J. Egypt Soc. Parasitol., 28(3), 699-709 (1998)
  17. Ben, N. C., Ayed, N. and Metche, M. : Quantitative determination of the polyphenolic content of pomegranate peel, Z. Lebensm Unters Forsch, 203(4), 374-8 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01231077
  18. Gaig, P., Botey, J., Gutierrez, V., Pena, M., Eseverri, J. L. and Marin, A. : Allergy to pomegranate (punica granatum), J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol., 2(4), 216-8 (1992)
  19. lgea, J. M., Cusesta, J., Cuevas, M., Elias, L. M., Marcos, C., Lazaro, M. and Compaired, J. A. : Adverse reaction to pomegranate ingestion, allergy, 46(6), 472-4 (1991) https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1991.tb04227.x
  20. Segura, J. J., Morales-Ramos, L. H., Verde-Star, J. and Guerra, D. : Growth inhibition of Entamoebahistolytica and E. invadens produced by pomegranate root (punica grananum L.), Arch. Invest. Med.(Mex), 21(3), 235-9 (1990)
  21. Shim. S. M., Choi, S. W. and Bae, S. J. : Effects of Punica granatum L. fractions on quinone reductase induction and growth inhibition on several cancer cells, Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition, 30(1), 80-85 (2001)
  22. 한복진 : 장내 균총조절에 유효한 소재의 탐색 및 목통, 석류, 치커리의 평가, 한양대학교 박사학위논문 (1995)
  23. 조은경 : 석류과피를 이용한 직물의 염색, 전남대학교 석사학위논문 (2000)
  24. Sullivan, D. M. : A.O.A.C. international Methods of Analysis for Nutrition Labeling, A.O.A.C. international Virginia, p.20 (1995)
  25. Sullivan, D. M. : A.O.A.C. international Methods of Analysis for Nutrition Labeling, A.O.A.C. international Virginia, p.161 (1993)
  26. Sullivan, D. M. : A.O.A.C. international Methods of Analysis for Nutrition Labeling, A.O.A.C. international Virginia, p.549 (1993)
  27. Sullivan, D. M. : A.O.A.C. international Methods of Analysis for Nutrition Labeling, A.O.A.C. international Virginia, p.561 (1993)
  28. Bligh, E. G, and Dyer, W.J. : A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification, J. Bio. Physiol., 37:911(1959) https://doi.org/10.1139/o59-099
  29. Christie. W. W. : The preparation of methyl and other esters of fatty acids. In Lipid Analysis, 2nd ed., Pergamon press, New York, p.52 (1982)
  30. Choi, M. H., Yoo, Y. S. and Chung, B. C. : Biochemical roles of testosteron and epitestosterone to 5 alpha-reductase as indicators of male-pattern baldness, J. Invest. Dermatol., 116(1), 57-61 (2001) https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.00188.x