DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Dietary Structural to Nonstructural Carbohydrate Ratio on Rumen Degradability and Digestibility of Fiber Fractions of Wheat Straw in Sheep

  • Tan, Z.-L. (Changsha Institute of Agricultural Modernization, the Chinese Academy of Sciences) ;
  • Lu, D.-X. (Inner Mongolian Academy of Animal Science) ;
  • Hu, M. (Inner Mongolian Academy of Animal Science) ;
  • Niu, W.-Y. (Inner Mongolian Academy of Animal Science) ;
  • Han, C.-Y. (Inner Mongolian Academy of Animal Science) ;
  • Ren, X.-P. (Inner Mongolian Academy of Animal Science) ;
  • Na, R. (Inner Mongolian Academy of Animal Science) ;
  • Lin, S.-L. (Inner Mongolian Academy of Animal Science)
  • Received : 2002.02.15
  • Accepted : 2002.07.05
  • Published : 2002.11.01

Abstract

The effect of different dietary structural carbohydrate (SC) to nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) ratios on fiber degradation, digestion, flow, apparent digestibility and rumen fluid characteristics was studied with a design using 18 wethers fitted with permanent rumen and duodenum cannulae. All sheep were divided into six groups randomly, receiving six diets with varying SC to NSC ratios. All diets contained the same proportion of wheat straw and concentrate. The dietary SC to NSC ratios were adjusted by adding cornstarch to the concentrate supplements. The duodenal and fecal flows of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HC) and cellulose (CEL) were estimated using chromium-mordanted wheat straw as a flow marker. The degradation parameters of wheat straw DM, NDF, ADF, HC and CEL were determined by incubating the ground wheat straw in nylon bags in the rumen for different periods of time. There was no effect (p>0.05) of the different dietary SC to NSC ratios on rumen pH or $NH_3$-N, but acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations were significantly affected (p<0.05 or p<0.01) by dietary SC to NSC ratios in the rumen fluid. When the dietary SC to NSC ratio was 2.86, the highest rumen degradability of wheat straw DM, NDF, ADF and CEL was found, but the highest apparent rumen digestibilities of DM, NDF, ADF, HC and CEL occurred at a 2.64 SC to NSC ratio. However, because of compensatory digestion in the hindgut, the apparent digestibilities of DM, NDF, ADF, HC and CEL were highest when the dietary SC to NSC ratio was 2.40. In conclusion, there is a optimal range of dietary SC to NSC ratios (between 2.86 and 2.40) that is beneficial to maximize wheat straw fiber degradation and apparent digestibility.

Keywords

References

  1. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1980. Official methods of Analysis. 13th Ed. Association Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
  2. Castrillo, C., M. Fondevila, J. A. Guada and A. D. Vega. 1995. Effect of ammonia treatment and carbohydrate supplementation on the intake and digestibility of barley straw diets by sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 51:73-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(95)00682-D
  3. Dhanoa, M. S. 1988. On the analysis of dacron bag data for low degradability feeds. Grass and Forage Sci. 43: 441-444 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1988.tb01901.x
  4. Doyle, P. T., H. Dove, M. Freer, F. J. Hart, R. M. Dixon and A. R. Egan. 1988. Effects of a concentrate supplement on the intake and digestion of a low-quality forage by lambs. J. Agric. Sci. 111:503-512. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600083702
  5. Erwin, E. S., G. J. Marco and E. Emery. 1961. Volatile fatty acid analysis of blood and rumen fluid by gas chromatography. J. Dairy Sci. 44: 1768-1771. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(61)89956-6
  6. Fahmy, S. T. M., N. Y. Lee and E. R. Orskov. 1984. Digestion and utilization of straw. 2. Effect of different supplements on the digestion of ammonia treated straw. Anim. Prod. 38:75-82. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003356100041374
  7. Feng, Z. C. and M. Gao. 1993. An improved method measuring ruminal $NH_3$-N concentration. Inner Mongolian J. Anim. Sci. 4: 40-41.
  8. Forbes, J. M. 1986. The Voluntary Food Intake of Farm Animals. Butterworth, London.
  9. Gao, M. and Z. C. Feng. 1993. An improved method measuring Chromium. Inner Mongolian J. Anim. Sci. 3: 40-41.
  10. Henning, P. A., Y. Van der Linden, M. E. Mattheyse, W. K. Nauhaus and H. M. Schwartz. 1980. Factors affecting the intake and digestion of roughage by sheep fed maize straw supplemented with maize grain. J. Agric. Sci. 94:565-573. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600028574
  11. Kennedy, D. W. and L. D. Bunting. 1992. Effects of starch on ruminal fermentation and detergent fiber digestion in lambs fed bermudagrass hay. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 36:91-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(92)90089-O
  12. Khalili, H. and P. Huhtanen. 1991. Sucrose supplements in cattle given grass silage based diet. 2. Digestion of cell wall carbohydrates. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 33:263-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(91)90065-Z
  13. Lu, D. X. and C. W. Xie. 1991. Modern Method and Technology on Ruminant Nutrition Research. Agricultural Press, Beijing.
  14. McDonald, I. 1981. A revised model for the estimation of protein degradability in the rumen. J. Agric. Sci. 96:251-252. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600032081
  15. Mould, F. L., E. R. Orskov and S. O. Mann. 1983a. Associative effects of mixed feeds. 1. Effects of type and level of supplementation and the influence of the rumen fluid pH on cellulolysis in vivo and dry matter digestion of various roughages. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 10:15-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(83)90003-2
  16. Nelson, M. L. and J. W. Finley. 1989. Effect of soft white wheat addition to alfalfa-grass forage on heifer gain, diet digestibility and in vitro digestion kinetics. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 24:141-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(89)90027-8
  17. Orr, R. J., T. R. Treacher and V. C. Mason. 1985. The effect of ammonia treatment on the intake of straw and hay when offered with rations of concentrate to ewes in late pregnancy. Anim. Prod. 40:101-109. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003356100031895
  18. Orskov, E. R. and I. McDonald. 1979. The estimation of crude protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 92:499-503. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600063048
  19. Ortigues, I., T. Smith, J. D. Oldham, A. B. McAllan and J. W. Siviter. 1989. Nutrient supply and growth of cattle offered straw-based diets. Br. J. Nutr. 62:601-619. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19890061
  20. Poore, M. H., J. A. Moore and R. S. Swingle. 1990. Differential passage rate and digestion of neutral detergent fiber from grain and forages in 30, 60, and 90% concentrate diets fed to steers. J. Anim. Sci. 68:2965-2973.
  21. SIMA, Standards of Inner Mongolian Autonomy, 1992. Feeding Standards of Inner Mongolian Sheep.
  22. Huhhot. Statistical Analysis Systeems Institute. 1985. SAS User's Guide: Basics. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.
  23. Stokes, S. R., W. H. Hoover, T. K. Miller and R. Blauweikel. 1991. Ruminal digestion and microbial utilization of diets varying in type of carbohydrate and protein. J. Dairy Sci. 74:871-881. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78236-2
  24. Tan, Z. L., D. X. Lu, M. Hu, W. Y. Niu, C. Y. Han, X. P.Ren, R. Na and S. L. Lin. 2001. Effects of dietary nitrogen sources on fiber digestion and ruminal fluid characteristics in sheep fed wheat straw. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 14:1374-1382.
  25. Uden, P., P. E. Colucci and P. J. Van Soest. 1980. Investigation of chromium and cobalt as markers in digesta rate of passage studies. J. Sci. Food Agric. 35:625-632. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740310702
  26. Van der Linden, Y., N. O. van Gylswyk and H. M. Schwartz. 1984. Influence of supplementation on corn stover with corn grain on the fibrolytic bacteria in the rumen of sheep and their relation to the intake and digestion of fibre. J. Anim. Sci. 59:772-783.
  27. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Symposium: Carbohydrate Methodology, Metabolism and Nutritional Implications in Dairy Cattle. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2

Cited by

  1. Effect of Dietary Supply of Cysteamine on Sites of Digestion, Small Intestinal Amino Acid Disappearance in Growing Goats vol.34, pp.1, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2008.9706943
  2. Microbial community profiles of the colon from steers differing in feed efficiency vol.4, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1201-6
  3. Effects of dietary supplementation with alkyl polyglycoside, a nonionic surfactant, on nutrient digestion and ruminal fermentation in goats1 vol.88, pp.12, 2010, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2397
  4. Microbial community profiles of the jejunum from steers differing in feed efficiency1,2,3 vol.94, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2015-9839
  5. Correlation research between gas production characteristics and CNCPS components for roughages vol.185, pp.1755-1315, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/185/1/012015
  6. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) as a roughage source for beef cattle vol.31, pp.10, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.17.0871
  7. Relationship between the structure and composition of rumen microorganisms and the digestibility of neutral detergent fibre in goats vol.32, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.18.0043
  8. Effects of Rice Straw Particle Size on Chewing Activity, Feed Intake, Rumen Fermentation and Digestion in Goats vol.22, pp.9, 2002, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2009.80672