References
- Ademosun, A. A., H. G. Bosman and H. J. Jansen. 1988. Nutritional studies with the West African Dwarf goats in the humid tropics. In: Goat Production in the Humid Tropics (Ed. O. B. Smith and H. G. Bosman). Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 51-61.
- Adeyemo, J. O. and A. A. Ademosun. 1991. Utilization of Leucaena as supplement for growing dwarf sheep and goats in the humid zone of West Africa. Small Rum. Res. 5:75-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(91)90032-L
- Aganga, A. A. and C. B. Monyatsiwa. 1999. Use of browses (Terminalia serecia, Combretum apiculatum or Euclea schimperi) as a supplement for growing Tswana goats. Trop. Anim. Hlth. Prod. 31(5):295-305. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005203806867
- AOAC. 1995. Official Methods of Analysis, 16th edn. (Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA).
- Ash, A. J. 1990. The effects of supplementation with leaves from the leguminous trees Sesbania grandiflora, Albizia chinensis and Gliricidia sepium on the intake and digestibility of Guinea grass hay by goats. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 28:225-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(90)90154-Z
- ARC. 1980. The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham, Royal, UK.
- Archimede, H., C. Poncet, M. Boval, F. Nipeau, L. Philbert, A. Xande and G. Aumont. 1999. Comparison of fresh and dried Digitaria decumbens grass intake and digestion by Black-belly rams. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge), 133:235-240. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859699006784
- Aregheore, E. M. 2000a. Nutritive and anti-nutritive value of some tree legumes used in ruminant livestock nutrition in the Pacific island countries. J. South Pac. Agric. 6(2):50-61.
- Aregheore, E. M. 2000b. The in vitro estimation of energy value and organic matter digestibility of some tropical crop residues and browses used in intensive ruminant livestock production in the dry season. Scientia Agric. Bohem. 31(1):65-75.
- Balogun, R. O. and E. O. Otchere. 1995. Effect of level of Leucaena leucocephala in the diet on fed intake, growth and feed efficiency of Yankassa rams. Trop. Glds. 29:150-154.
- Bonsi, M. L. K., P. O. Osuji, A. K. Tuah and N. N. Umuna. 1995. Intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and certain rumen characteristics of Ethiopian Menz sheep fed teff straw supplemented with cotton seed cake, dry sesbania, dry leucaena or fresh leucaena. Agrofor. Systems, 31:243-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00712077
- Brewbaker, J. L., N. Hedge, E. M. Hutton, R. J. Jones, J. B. Lowry, F. Moog and R. Van Den Beldt. 1985. Leucaena-forage production and use. (Nitrogen Fixing Tree Association:Hawaii).
- Cawa, K. 1999. Performance of crossbred Anglo-Nubian goats fed with Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in the South Pacific. B.Agric. Project. School of Agriculture, The University of the South Pacific, Apia, Samoa. p. 20.
- Devendra, C. 1995. Composition and nutritive value of browse legumes. In: Tropical Legumes in Animal Nutrition (Ed. J. P. F. D'Mello and C. Devendra). Cab International, Wallingford. Chapter 3, pp. 49-65.
- Hammond, A. C. 1995. Leucaena toxicosis and its control in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci. 73,1487-1492. https://doi.org/10.2527/1995.7351487x
- Holmes, W. (Ed.) 1980. Grass, Its Production and Utilization. British Grassland Society. Blackwell Scientific Publication, London.
- ILCA. 1990. Annual Report 1989. International Livestock Centre for Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Jabbar, M. A., L. Reynolds, A. Larbi and J. Smith. 1997. Nutritional and economic benefits of Leucaena and Gliricidia as feed supplements for small ruminants in the humid West Africa. Trop. Anim. Hlth. Prod. 29:35-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02632347
- Jones, R. J. 1979. The value of Leucaena leucocephala as a feed for ruminants in the tropics. World Anim. Rev. 31:13-23.
- Larbi, A., D. Thomas and J. Hanson. 1993. Forage potential of Erythrina abyssinica; intake, digestibility and growth rates for stall-fed sheep and goats in southern Ethiopia. Agrofor. Systems, 21:263-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00705245
- Little, D. A., Supriati Kompiang and R. J. Petheram. 1989. Mineral composition of Indonesian ruminant forages. Trop. Agric. (Trinidad), 66(1):33-37.
- Mahyuddin, P., D. A. Little and J. B. Towry. 1988. Drying treatment drastically affects feed evaluation and feed quality with certain tropical forage species. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 22:69-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(88)90075-2
- Mandal, L. 1997. Nutritive value of tree leaves of some tropical species for goats. Small Rum. Res. 24:95-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(96)00934-0
- McDowell, L. R. 1985. Nutrition of grazing ruminants in warm climates. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida, USA.
- Minson, D. J. (Ed.) 1990. Forage in ruminant nutrition, San Diego, California 92101, Academic Press, Inc.
- Morris, C. D. and L. P. Du Toit. 1998. The performance of Boer goats browsing Leucaena Leucocephala in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Trop. Glds, 32:188-194.
- Mtenga, L. A. and A. Madsen. 1992. Experiences in protein supplementary feeding in weaned lambs and goat kids in Tanzania: The issue of dietary energy. In: Small Ruminant Research and Development in Africa (Ed. B. Ray, S. H. B. Lebbie and L. Reynolds). ILCA, Nairobi, Kenya, pp. 387-400.
- NAS (National Academy of Science). 1977. Leucaena-Promising forage and tree crop for the tropics. Washington DC., USA, p. 237.
- NAS (National Academy of Science). 1981. Nutrient requirements of domestic animals. No.15. Nutrient requirments of goats. Washington, DC.
- Norton, B. W. 1994. Tree legumes in dietary supplements for ruminants. In: Forage tree legumes in Tropical Agriculture (Ed. R. C. Gutteridge and H. M. Shelton). CAB International: Wallington. pp. 192-201.
- Palmer, B. and A. C. Schlink. 1992. The effect of drying on intake and the rate of digestion of the legume Calliandra calothyrus. Trop. Glds, 26:89-93.
- Parachristous, T. G. and A. S. Nastis. 1994. Influence of deciduous broadleaved woody species in goat nutrition during the dry season in Northern Greece. Small Rum. Res. 20:15-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(95)00767-9
- Parachristous, T. G. and A. S. Nastis. 1996. Changes in chemical compositions and in vitro digestibility of oesophageal fistula and hand plucked forage samples due to drying method and stage of maturity. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 46:87-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(94)90067-1
- Petty, S. R., D. P. Poppi and T. Triglone. 1998. The effect of maize supplementation, seasonal temperature and humidity on the live-weight gain of steers grazing irrigated Leucaena leucocephala/Digitaria eriantha pastures in north-west Australia. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge), 130:95-105. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859697004966
- Quirk, M. F., C. J. Paton and J. J. Bushell. 1990. Increasing the amount of Leucaena on offer gives faster growth rates of grazing cattle in South East Queensland. Aus. J. Expt. Agric., 30:51-54. https://doi.org/10.1071/EA9900051
- Reynold, L. and S. O. Adediran. 1988. The effect of browse supplementation on the productivity of west African Dwarf sheep over 2 reproductive cycles. In: Goat Production in the Humid Tropics (Ed. O. B. Smith and H. G. Bosman). Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 83-91.
- SAS. 1988. SAS/STAT User's guide (Release 6.03) SAS Inst. Inc. Cary, NC.
- Smith, J. W., A. Larbi, M. A. Jabbar and J. Akinlade. 1995. Voluntary intake by sheep and goats of Gliricidia sepium fed in three states and at three levels of supplementation to a basal diet of Panicum maximum. Agrofor Syst., 32:287-295. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00711716
- Solomona, S. L. 1988. The productivity of goats grazing batiki grass pastures and supplemented with locally produced concentrate diets. B. Agric. Special Project. The University of the South Pacific, School of Agriculture, Apia, Samoa. p. 27.
- Steel, R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw-Hill, New York. p. 481.
- Susumu, G. 1999. Nutritional value of breadfruit in the diets of growing goats. B.Agric. Special Project. The University of the South Pacific, School of Agriculture, Apia, Samoa. p. 17.
- Topps, J. H. 1992. Potential, composition and use of legume shrubs and tress as fodders for livestock in the tropics. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambridge), 118:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600067940
- Underwood, E. J. 1981. The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham, Royal, UK.
- Van Soest, P. J. 1965. Symposium on factors influencing voluntary intake of herbage by ruminants: Chemical composition and digestibility. J. Anim. Sci. 24:834-843. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1965.243834x
- Van Soest, P. J. 1994. Nutritional Ecology of Ruminants, 2nd edn, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods of dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3585-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
- Wahynni, S., E. S. Yulianti, W. Komara, N. G. Yates, J. M. Obst and J. B. Lowry. 1972. The performance of Ongole cattle offered either grass, sun-dried Leucaena leucocephala or varying proportions of each. Trop. Anim. Prod. 7:275-285.
- Yates, N. G. and T. Panggabean. 1988. The performance of goats offered elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) with varied amounts of Leucaena or concentrate. Trop. Glds, 22:126-131.
Cited by
- Nutritive value of selected grasses in North Sumatra, Indonesia vol.76, pp.5, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-0929.2005.00291.x
- A Study on Seasonal Variability of Trace Elemental Status of Forages for Grazing Ruminants vol.31, pp.8, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160802224425
- The influence of physico-chemical parameters, substrate concentration, and species variations on the biochemical methane production rates of ten tropical/subtropical grasses pp.1932104X, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1942
- Estimation of dry-matter intake in lambs via field-based NIR proximal sensing pp.01425242, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12381
- Effect of Millettia ferruginea (Birbra) foliage supplementation on feed intake, digestibility, body weight change and carcass characterstics of Washera sheep fed natural pasture grass hay basal diet vol.3, pp.1, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-3-50
- Effect of Transinoculation of Goat Rumen Liquor on Degradation and Metabolism of Mimosine in Sheep Fed with Leucaena leucocephala Leaves vol.18, pp.3, 2005, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.332
- Mineral Status of Soils and Forages in Southwestern Punjab-Pakistan: Micro-minerals vol.19, pp.8, 2006, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2006.1139