Radiation Therapy for Operable Breast Cancer after Conservative Surgery

유방암환자의 유방보존수술 후 방사선 치료 성적

  • Lee, Myung-Za (Department of Radiation Therapy, College of Medicine, Hanyang University) ;
  • Chun, Ha-Chung (Department of Radiation Therapy, College of Medicine, Hanyang University)
  • 이명자 (한양대학교 의과대학 치료방사선과학 교실) ;
  • 전하정 (한양대학교 의과대학 치료방사선과학 교실)
  • Published : 2002.12.01

Abstract

Purpose : To evaluate the result of conservative management on recurrence, survival and prognostic factors of patient with operable breast cancer. Materials and Methods : Fifty three patients, treated for localized breast cancer by lumpectomy or quadrantectomy followed by radiotherapy between January 1985 and December 1996, were retrospectively studied. All patients followed up for at least five years. Their median age was 43 years $(range\;24\~72)$. The tumor stages were as follows : T1 in 30 patients, T2 in 21, Tis in 2. Thirty-eight patients had negative and 15 had positive axillary nodes. The histological types were 42 infiltrating ductal, 2 infiltrating lobular, and 2 intraductal carcinomas with 7 other histologies. The tumor locations were the outer quadrant in 38 breasts, the inner quadrant in 13 and central in 2. Radiation doses of $46\~50\;Gy$ were given to the entire breast areas with additional doses of 14-18 Gy delivered to the tumor bed areas. Results : The overall five and 10 yea actuarial and disease free survivals were $94.3\%\;and\;92.4\%,\;91.2\%\;and\;81\%$, respectively. The overall five year survivals were $100\%$ in stage I and IIa, and $66.7\%$ in stage IIb and IIIa tumors. Seven patients failed either locally or distantly. Incidence of local failure and distant metastasis for the first failure were $7.5\%\;and\;5.7\%$, respectively. Local recurrence appeared within 2 years of treatment at the primary site and after more than 8 years outside of primary lesion, whereas distant metastasis appeared between 2 and 6 years following treatment. The overall recurrences were high at a young age (< or = 35 years), with 5 out of 12 (2 local, 3 distant), and in T2 lesions with 5 out of 21 (1 local, 3 distant, and 1 in both). Distant metastasis was high in the positive axillary lymph node group with 4 out of 15 $(26.6\%)$. A high incidence in the axillary node was noted at a young age with 7 out of 12 $(58.3\%)$ and in T2 lesions with 8 out of 21 $(38.4\%)$. A young age, positive axillary node and large tumor size were all related with poor survival. Conclusion : Based on this study, lumpectomy or quadrantectomy, followed by radiation appears to be an adequate therapeutic method in operable breast cancer. A long term follow-up is necessary because a recurrence of breast can occur long time after treatment. The poor prognostic group, especially young patients with an aggressive biological behavior needs more effective treatment modalities to improve their survival.

목적 : 유방암 환자에서 국소적 절제 수술 후 방사선 치료 후 재발 양상, 생존율 및 예후 인자를 평가하기 위해 후향적으로 분석을 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1985년 1월부터 1996년 12월까지 한양대학교병원 치료방사선과에서 유방보존수술 후 방사선치료를 위해 의뢰된 유방암 1기, 2기 및 3기 53명을 대상으로 후향적 분석을 하였다. 추적기간은 평균 84개월이었고 최소 5년이었다. 연령분포는 24세부터 72세였고 중앙연령은 43세였다. 2명을 제외한 51명이 액와 림프절 곽청술을 받았고 조직병리상 42명이 침윤성 선암이었고 2명이 소엽 세포암 2명은 선관내 선암이었고 7명은 그 외 병리소견을 가졌다. 병기로 T0 2명 T1 30명, T2 21명이었고, 53명 중 15명이 액와 림프절 침윤이 있었다. 원발 종양위치로 내측이 13명, 외측이 38명 유두 하 부위가 2명이었다. 방사선 조사는 전체유방에 $46\~50\;Gy$와 원발 종양 주위에 $14\~18\;Gy$ 추가조사를 시행하였다. 결과 : 5년 생존율은 $94.3\%$ 5년 무병생존율은 $92.4\%$였다. 10년 생존율은 $91.2\%$ 10년 무병생존율은 $81\%$였다. 병기별로 I $100\%$, IIa는 $100\%$, IIb 및 IIIa는 $66,7\%$의 5년 생존율을 보였다. 4명$(7.5\%)$에서 국소 재발이 있었고 3명$(5.7\%)$에서 원격전이가 있었다. 원발 병소 내 국소 재발은 2년 이내였고 원발 병소 밖의 국소 재발은 8년 후에 보였다. 원격전이는 2년에서 6년 사이였다. 35세 이하의 환자에서 국소 및 원격전이가 높아 12예 중 5예의 재발율을 보였고 (국소재발 2명, 원격전이 3명) 종양크기가 2 cm 이상인 환자 21예 중 5예(국소재발 2명, 원격전이 3명)에서 재발율을 보였다. 액와 림프절 침윤이 있는 15명 중 4명$(26.6\%)$에서 원격전이가 있었다. 종양의 크기 2 cm 이상인 환자에서 임파선 전이율이 $38.1\%$였고 35세 이하의 젊은 연령에서 임파선 전이율이 $58.3\%$였다. 예후 인자로는 연령과 액와 림프절 침윤과 종양이 클수록 생존율이 유의하게 낮았다. 결론 : 유방 보존 수술 후 방사선 치료를 받은 조기 유방암환자의 치료결과는 양호함을 알 수 있었다. 국소 재발율은 추적기간이 길수록 증가함으로 보다 더 장기적인 추적이 필요하고 젊은 연령층의 치료 결과를 향상시키기 위해 보다 효과적인 치료법의 개발이 필요하리라 생각된다.

Keywords

References

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