Postoperstive Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

국소 진행된 직장암에서 수술 후 화학방사선요법

  • Chai, Gyu-Young (Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Kang, Ki-Mun (Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Choi, Sang-Gyeong (Department of General Surgery, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 채규영 (경상대학교 의과대학 치료방사선과학교실) ;
  • 강기문 (경상대학교 의과대학 치료방사선과학교실) ;
  • 최상경 (경상대학교 의과대학 일반외과학교실)
  • Published : 2002.09.01

Abstract

Purpose : To evaluate the role of postoperative chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer, we retrospectively analyzed the treatment results of patients treated by curative surgical resection and postoperative chemoradiotherapy. Materials and Methods : From April 1989 through December 1998, 119 patients were treated with curative surgery and postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal carcinoma in Gyeongsang National University Hospital. Patient age ranged from 32 to 73 years, with a median age of 56 years. Low anterior resection was peformed in 59 patients, and abdominoperineal resection in 60. Forty-three patients were AJCC stage II and 76 were stage III. Radiation was delivered with 6 MV X rays using either AP-PA two fields, AP-PA both lateral four fields, or PA both lateral three fields. Total radiation dose ranged from 40 Gy to 56 Gy. In 73 patients, bolus infusions of 5-FU $(400\;mg/m^2)$ were given during the first and fourth weeks of radiotherapy. After completion of radiotherapy, an additional four to six cycles of 5-FU were given. Oral 5-FU (Furtulone) was given for nine months in 46 patients. Results : Forty $(33.7\%)$ of the 119 patients showed treatment failure. Local failure occurred in 16 $(13.5\%)$ patients, 1 $(2.3\%)$ of 43 stage II patients and 15 $(19.7\%)$ of 76 stage III patients. Distant failure occurred in 31 $(26.1\%)$ patients, among whom 5 $(11.6\%)$ were stage II and 26 $(34.2\%)$ were stage III. Five-year actuarial survival was $56.2\%$ overall, $71.1\%$ in stage II patients and $49.1\%$ in stage III patients (p=0.0008). Five-year disease free survival was $53.3\%$ overall, $68.1\%$ in stage II and $45.8\%$ in stage III (p=0.0006). Multivariate analysis showed that T stage and N stage were significant prognostic factors for five year survival, and that T stage, N stage, and preoperative CEA value were significant prognostic factors for five year disease free survival. Bowel complication occurred in 22 patients, and was treated surgically in 15 $(12.6\%)$, and conservatively in 7 $(5.9\%)$. Conclusion : Postoperative chemoradiotherapy was confirmed to be an effective modality for local control of rectal cancer, but the distant failure rate remained high. More effective modalities should be investigated to lower the distant failure rate.

목적 : 후향적 분석을 통해 직장암에서 수술 후 화학방사선요법의 치료실패 양상 및 생존율을 확인하고, 그 결과를 다른 연구들과 비교 분석하여 직장암에서의 수술 후 화학방사선요법의 역할을 규명하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1989년 3월부터 1998년 12월까지 경상대학교병원 치료방사선과에서 직장암으로 수술 후 화학방사선 요법을 받은 119명을 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 모든 환자는 AJCC의 TNM 병기로 분류하여 분석하였다. 연구 대상의 연령 분포는 32세에서 73세까지였으며 중앙값은 56세였다. 수술은 전복부 절제술을 시행받은 경우가 59명, 복부회음 절제술을 시행받은 경우가 60명이었다. T2 12명, T3 96명, 74 11명이었고, N0 43명, N1 53명, N2 23 명이었다. 방사선치료는 6 MV 선형가속기를 이용하여 하루 1.8 Gy씩 주당 9 Gy를 조사하였다. 전 골반 조사량은 $40\~50\;Gy$였으며, 필요에 따라 $5\~6\;Gy$를 소조사야로 추가 조사하였다. 5-FU는 주사로 투여된 경우가 73명, 경구로 투여된 경우가 46명이었다. 추적기간의 기준일은 수술을 시행한 날로 하여 생존자의 경우 최소 추적기간을 3년으로 하였다. 생존율 분석은 Kaplan-Meier 법을 사용하였고 단변량 분석은 log rank test를, 다변량 분석은 Cox regression hazard model을 사용하였다. 결과 : 전체 대상 중 40명이 치료에 실패하여 치료 실패율은 $33.7\%$였다. 국소 단독 실패가 9명$(7.6\%)$, 원격 단독 실패가 24명$(20.2\%)$, 국소 및 원격 실패가 7명$(5.9\%)$으로서, 국소 실패율은 $13.5\%$, 원격 실패율은 $26.1\%$였다. 국소 실패 부위는 골반내 장기가 가장 많았고, 연결부위, 골반 림프절 순이었다. 회음부에서 실패된 경우는 없었다. 원격전이 부위는 간과 폐가 가장 많았다. 전체 5년 생존율 및 무병생존율은 각각 $56.2\%,\;53.3\%$였고, 생존기간의 평균값은 64.8개월, 중앙값은 74개월이었다. T3, T4에서 5년 생존율은 $59.9\%,\;16.8\%$ (p=0.002), 무병 생존율은 $57.2\%,\;25.6\%$였다. N0, N1, N2에서 5년 생존율은 $71.1\%,\;56.7\%,\;31.9\%$, (u=0.0008), 무병생존율은 $68.2\%,\;52.6\%,\;30.1\%$ (p=0.0006)였다. 병기 II, III에서의 5년 생존율은 $71.1\%,\;49.1\%$ (p=0.02), 무병 생존율은 $68.1\%,\;45.8\%$ (p=0.01)였다. 다변량 분석에서 5년 생존율에 영향을 미치는 유의한 인자는 T, N 병기였고, 5년 무병생존율에 영향을 미치는 유의한 인자는 T, N 병기 및 수술 전 CEA 값이었다. 15명$(12.6\%)$에서 수술이 요구되는 장합병증이 발생하였다. 결론 : 수술 후 화학방사선요법은 국소 진행된 직장암에서 국소제어를 위한 효과적인 방법임이 확인되었으나 원격 실패에 대한 효과는 미약하였다. 향후 국소 진행된 직장암의 생존율을 향상시키기 위해서는 원격실패를 낮추고 림프절 전이가 있는 직장암의 국소제어율을 높일 수 있는 치료방법이 개발되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

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