Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회지)

Korean Society of Food Science and Technology (한국식품과학회)
권호 표지

Determination of Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Adipate Migrated from Polyvinyl Chloride Wrap Film into Various Foodstuffs and Dishes Depending on Exposure Conditions

염화비닐 랩 필름으로 포장된 다양한 식품 및 요리류의 노출 조건에 따른 di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate의 이행량 분석

  • Lee, Young-Ho (Department of Food Science, Kangnung National University) ;
  • Gyoung, Young-Soo (Department of Chemistry, Kangnung National University) ;
  • Lee, Keun-Taik (Department of Food Science, Kangnung National University)
  • Published : 2002.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The migrating level of di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) in PVC wrap to various foodstuffs dishes was determined using acetone/n-hexane as an extracting solvent. The recovery ratio of DEHA from various foodstuffs ranged from 81.3 to 91.2%. During storage at $10\;or\;20^{\circ}C$ for up to 3 days, highest migration of 22.9 mg/kg occurred with pork belly, an indication that increases in fat content, storage temperature, and storage time result in increasing DEHA migration. DEHA concentrations of various delivered dishes ranged between 6.9 and 29.8 mg/kg, and highest migration was observed in Chambbong, which had the highest fat content among samples. After microwave-reheating, which resulted in a tight contact between film and food samples, DEHA was not detected in rice and potato, whereas up to 158.8 mg/kg was detected in pizza. When the wrap film was not contacted with the surface of food, the migration was lowered. Migration levels of DEHA from PVC wrap film into samples under various exposure conditions often exceeded the limit value of $3\;mg/dm^2\;and/or\;18\;mg/kg$ set by the European Union.

PVC 랩 필름으로 포장된 다양한 국내 식품과 요리의 저장 중 또는 전자렌지에서 데우는 과정 중 이행된 DEHA를 분석하고 이행량에 대하여 조사하였다. Acetone/n-hexane을 이행 실험의 추출 용매로 사용하였다. 지방이 많은 식품에 이행된 DEHA는 GPC를 이용하여 분리 추출 후 분석되었다. 식품에서의 DEHA의 회수율은 $81.3{\sim}91.2%$로 양호한 수준을 나타냈다. 조사된 일반 저장 식품 중 삼겹살에서 22.9 mg/kg으로 가장 높은 DEHA의 이행량을 보였다. 일반적으로 식품의 지방 함량이 높고 저장 기간이 길수록, 또는 저장 온도가 높은 경우 DEHA의 이행량이 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 여러 가지 배달되는 식품으로 이행된 DEHA의 양은 $6.9{\sim}29.8\;mg/kg$이었는데 이 중 지방 함량이 가장 높은 짬뽕으로 가장 높은 이행량을 보였다. 전자렌지로 가열시 랩 필름이 접촉된 경우 쌀밥과 감자에서는 DEHA가 불검출되었으나 피자에서는 158.8 mg/kg까지 매우 높은 양이 검출되었다. 랩 필름을 식품과 간격을 두고 덮었을 경우에는 접촉시켰을 때보다 낮은 이행량을 나타내었다. 조사된 많은 시료에서 DEHA의 이행량이 유럽 기준치를 초과한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 PVC 랩에서의 DEHA의 이행량을 줄이기 위한 다양한 기술적 개선이 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Risch, S.J. Migration of toxicants, flavors, and odor-active substances from flexible packaging materials to food. Food Technol. 95-102 (1988)
  2. EC Commission. Green paper: Environmental issues of PVC. COM(2000) 469 final, Brussels, Belgium (2000)
  3. Brydson, J.A. Plastics Materials. 6th ed. pp. 127-128. Butterworths- Heinemann Ltd., Oxford, UK (1995)
  4. Sheftel, V.O. Indirect food additives and polymers: Migration and toxicology, pp. 173-177, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton (2000)
  5. MAFF. Plasticisers: Continuing surveillance. Food Surveillance Paper No. 30, The working party on chemical contaminants from food contact materials, subgroup on plasticisers (London: HMSO) (1990)
  6. Kozyrod, R.P. and Ziazians, J. A survey of plasticizer migration into foods. J. Food Prot. 52: 578-580 (1989) https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-52.8.578
  7. Sandberg, E. and Vaz, R. Migration studies on plastic films used for cheese packaging in Sweden. pp. 93-97. Proceeding of International Conference on Food Packaging, Vienna, Austria (1984)
  8. Lee, K.T., Gyoung, Y.S. and Park, T.K. Studies on the analysis of DOA in PVC wrap film and its migration into foodstuffs. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 22: 145-149 (1990)
  9. Lee, K.H., Kwak, I.S., Jeong, D.Y., Jeon, D.H., Choi, J.C., Kim, H.I., Choi, B.H., Lee, C.H., Koo, E.J., and Lee, C.W. A study of phthalate and adipate esters in food packaging and packaged foods. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 33: 479-485 (2001)
  10. Goulas, A.E., Anifantaki, K.I., Kolioulis, D.G. and Kntominas, M.G. Migration of di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate plasticizer from foodgrade polyvinyl chloride film into hard and soft cheeses. J. Dairy Sci.83: 1712-1718(2000) https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)75040-5
  11. National Toxicology Program. Carcinogenesis bioassay of di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (CAS No. 103-23-1). Technical Report Series No. 212, Publ. Research Triangle Park, NC, USA (1982)
  12. FDA. 21 Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 178.3740, The Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records Administration, USA (1997)
  13. Kawamura, Y., Tagai, C., Maehara, T. and Yamada, T. Additives in polyvinyl chloride and polyvinylidene chloride products. J. Food Hyg. Soc. Japan 40: 274-284 (1999) https://doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.40.4_274
  14. EEC. Provisional compilation of the SCF opinions on materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Volume N. 2 (1991-1992) (Brussels: The Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General Industry (III/E/1) (1993)
  15. EEC. Commission directive 2001/62/EC of 9 August 2001 amending directive 90/128/EEC relating to plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. L 221/18, Official Joumal of the European Communities (2001)
  16. Lee, K.T. and Kim, D.J. Comparison of the overall migration values from various plastic food packaging materials into food simulants under high temperature testing conditions as described in the regulations of different country areas. J. Food Hyg. Safety 16: 333-341 (2001)
  17. Petersen, J.H. and Naamansen, E.T. DEHA-plasticized PVC for retail packaging of fresh meat. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 206: 156-160(1998) https://doi.org/10.1007/s002170050233
  18. Environinental Protection Agency. Phthalate esters by gas chromatography with electron capture detection(GC/ECD), Method 8061A (1996)
  19. Environmental Protection Agency. Definition and procedure for the determination of the method detection limit-revision 1.11, 40 CFR. Part 136. Appendix B (1996)
  20. FDA. Guidance for industry, Preparation of food contact notifications and food additive petitions for food contact substances: Chemistry recommendations, Final guidance, Center for food safety & applied nutrition (2002)
  21. Gilbert, J., Castle, L., Jickells, S.M., Mercer, A.J. and Sharman, M. Mieration from plastics into foodstuffs under realistic conditions of use. Food Additives Contaminants 5, Supplement No. 1 513-523 (1988) https://doi.org/10.1080/02652038809373685
  22. Castle, L., Mercer, A. J., Startin, J. R. and Gilbert, J. Migration of di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate form PVC films used for retail food packaging. Food Additives Contaminants 4: 399-406 (1987) https://doi.org/10.1080/02652038709373648
  23. CEN. Methods of test for materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs. Part 1. Guide to the selection of conditions and methods of test contents, CEN 012 (1990)
  24. Startin, J.R., Shannan, M., Rose, M.D., Parker, I., Mercer, A.J., Castle, L. and Gilbert, J. Migration from plasticized films into foods. 1. Migration of di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate from PVC films during home-use and microwave cooking. Food Additives Contaminants 4: 385-398 (1987) https://doi.org/10.1080/02652038709373647