Skemp's Activities and It's Effects on Area of Operations in Elementary Mathematics

초등학교 연산능력 신장을 위한 Skemp 활동과 효과

The purpose of this paper is to find out the full extent of abilities of elementary students on area of operations and the effects on student's affective domain toward mathematics, after providing 3rd grade students with Skemp's play activities instead of providing activities suggested in the textbook of 7th curriculum. For this study, we will first analyse new elementary mathematics curriculum of 3rd grade and then explore mathematical factors for play activities related to operational sections. The play activities are revised from that of Skemp's for our classroom circumstances, but the ideas included from Skemp's such as thinking aloud were not changed. The experimental group while consists of 39 students were taught Skemp's play activities instead of usual textbook activities for 30 hours for the second term. In all other area, both the experimental group and the comparative group were taught the same contents. Statistical data is as follows 1) In addition and subtraction, the experimental group had 5.6% higher score than the comparative's, but the difference of mean of the both groups is not significant within 5% level. 2) In multiplication and division, the experimental group had 7.8% higher score than the comparative's and also the difference of mean of the beth within 5% level is significant. 3) When measured the effects in affective domain, the interests, attitude, and values for mathematics had about 10% higher score after the experiment than before the experiment. So we conclude that Skemp's activities are more effective than the activities suggested in the textbook on the area of operations, especially in multiplication and division.

이 연구에서 초등학교 3학년을 대상으로 재구성할 Skemp 놀이활동이 학생들의 연산능력 신장과 정의적 영역에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보았다. 덧셈ㆍ뺄셈 영역의 학업은 상대적으로 향상되었으나 실험집단과 비교집단의 평균간에 통계적으로 유의미한 차가 없었고 곱셈ㆍ나눗셈의 경우는 유의미한 차가 있었다. 우리는 Skemp 놀이활동 학습이 놀이수행에 필요한 암산 기회의 증가로 연산에 소요되는 시간이 짧아지고, 곱셈과 나눗셈의 연산능력도 상당히 향상된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 놀이활동에 끈기 있게 임하는 태도와 자신감이 크게 증가되었으며, 수학에 대한 태도가 긍정적으로 변화되었다.