Animal cells and systems

The Korean Society for Integrative Biology (한국통합생물학회)
권호 표지

Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Long Terminal Repeat Elements of the Human Endogenous Retrovirus K Family (HERV-K) from a Human Brain cDNA Library

  • Kim, Heui-Soo (Division of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University) ;
  • Lee, Young-Choon (Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Resourses and Life Science, Dong-A University)
  • Published : 2001.06.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Long terminal repeats (LTRs) of the human endogenous retrovirus K family (HERV-K) have been found to be coexpressed with sequences of genes closely located nearby. We examined transcribed HERV-K LTR elements in human brain tissue. Using cDNA synthesized from mRNA of the human brain, we performed PCR amplification and identified ten HERV-K LTR elements. These LTR elements showed a high degree of sequence similarity (92.4-99.7%) with the human-specific LTR elements. A phylogenetic tree obtained by the neighbor-joining method revealed that HERV-K LTR elements could be divided into two groups through evolutionary divergence. Some HERV-K LTR elements (HKL-B7, HKL-B8, HKL-B10) belonging to the group II from human brain cDNA were closely related to the human-specific HERV-K LTR elements. Our data suggest that HERV-K LTR element are active in the human brain; they could conceivably play a pathogenic role in human diseases such as psychosis.

Keywords

References

  1. Akopov SB, Nikolaev LG, Khil PP, Lebedev YB, and Sverdlov ED (1998) Long terminal repeats of human endogenous retro virus K family (HERV-K) specifically bind host cell nuclear proteins. FEBS Lett 421: 229-233 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01569-X
  2. Altschul SF, Madden TL, Schaffer AA, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Miller W, and Lipman J (1997) Gapped BLAST and PSIBLAST;a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res 25: 3389-3402 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.17.3389
  3. Baust C, Seifarth W, Germaier H, Hehlmann R, and LeibMosch C (2000) HERV-K-T47D-related long terminal repeats mediate polyadenylation of cellular transcripts. Genomics 66: 98-103 https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.2000.6175
  4. Conrad B, Weissmahr RN, Boni J, Arcari R, Schupbach J, and Mach B (1997) A human endogenous retroviral superantigen as candidate autoimmune gene in type I diabetes. Cell 90: 303-313 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80338-4
  5. Crow TJ (1984) A re-evaluation of the viral hypothesis;is psychosis the result of retroviral integration at a site close to the cerebral dominance gene? Br J Psychiatry 145: 243-253
  6. Kambhu S, Falldorf P, and Lee JS (1990) Endogenous retroviral long terminal repeats within the HLA-DQ locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 4927-4934 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.13.4927
  7. Kim HS, Chen Y, and Lonai P (1998) Complex regulation of multiple cytohesin like genes in murine tissues and cells. FEBS Lett 433: 312-316 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00937-5
  8. Kim HS, Choi JY, Kee WH, Jang KL, Park WH, Moon DH, Takenaka O, and Hyun BH (2000) Phylogenetic analysis of HERV-K LTR family in human chromosome Xq26 and New World monkeys. J Life Sci 10: 32-36
  9. Kim HS and Crow TJ (1999) Presence and phylogenetic analysis of HERV-K LTR on human X and Y chromosomes: evidence for recent proliferation. Genes Genet Syst 74: 267-270 https://doi.org/10.1266/ggs.74.267
  10. Kim HS, Wadekar RV, Takenaka O, Winstanley C, Mitsunaga F, Kageyama T, Hyun BH and Crow TJ (1999) SINE-R.C2 (a Homo sapiens specific retroposon) is homologous to cDNA from postmortem brain in schizophrenia and to two loci in the Xq21.3/Yp block linked to gandedness and psychosis. Am J Med Genet 88: 560-566 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19991015)88:5<560::AID-AJMG23>3.0.CO;2-W
  11. Kitamura Y, Ayakuwa T, Ishikawa T, Kanda T and Yoshiike K (1996) Human endogenous retrovirus K10 encodes a functional integrase. J Virol 70: 3302-3306
  12. Kjellman C, Sjogren HO, Salford LC and Widegren B (1999) HERV-F (XA34) is a full-length human endogenous retrovirus expressed in placental and fetal tissues. Gene 239: 99-107 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00372-8
  13. Kobayashi K, Nakahori Y, Miyake M, Matsumura K;KondoLida E, Nomura T, Segawa M, Yoshioka M, Saito K, Osawa M, Hamano K, Sakakihara Y, Nonaka I, Nakagome Y, Kanazawa I, Nakamura Y, Tokunaga K, and Toda T (1998) An ancient retotransposal insertion causes Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy. Nature 394: 388-392 https://doi.org/10.1038/28653;Received20
  14. Kumar S, Tamura K and Nei N (1993) MEGA: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis(Version 1.01). The Pennsylvania Stste University, University Park
  15. Laval SH, Dann J, Butler RJ, Loftus J, Rue J, Leask SJ, Bass N, Comazzi M, Vita A, Nanko S, Shaw S, Peterson P, Shields G, Smith AB, Stewart J, DeLisi LE, and Crow TJ (1998) Evidence for linkage to psychosis and derebral asymmetry (relative hand skill) on the X chromosome. Am J Med Genet 81: 420-427 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19980907)81:5<420::AID-AJMG11>3.0.CO;2-E
  16. Leib-Mosch C, Haltmeier M, Wener T, Geigi EM, Brack Werner R, Francke U, Erfle V and Hehlmann R (1993) Genomic distribution and transcription of solitary HERV-K LTRs. Genomics 18: 261-269 https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1993.1464
  17. Medstand P and Mager DL (1998) Human-specific intergrations of the HERV-K endogenous retrovirus family. J Virol 72: 9782-9787
  18. Ono M, Yasunaga T, Miyata T and Ushikudo H (1986) Nucleotide sequence of human endogenous retrovirus genome related to the mouse mammary tumor virus genome. J Virol 60: 589-598
  19. Sauter M, Schommer S, Kremmer E, Remberger K, Dolken G, Lemm L, Buck M, Best B, Neumann-Haefelin N and MuellerLantzsch M (1995) Human endogenous retrovirus K10;expression of gag protein and detection of antibodies in patients with seminomas. J Virol 69: 414-421
  20. Seidl C, Donner H, Petershofen E, Usadel KH, Seifried E, Kaltwasser JP and Badenhoop K (1999) An endogenous retroviral long terminal repeat at the HLA-DQB1 gene locus confers susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. Hum Immunol 60: 63-68 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0198-8859(98)00095-0
  21. Seifarth W, Baust C, Murr A, Skadny H, Krieg-Schneider F, Blusch J, Werner T, Hehlmann R, Leib-Mosch C (1998) Proviral structure, chromosomal location, and expression of HERV-K-T47D, a novel human endogenous retrovirus derived from T47D particles. J Virol 72: 8384-8391
  22. Simon M, Haltmeier M, Papakonstantinou G, Werner T, Hehlmann R and Leib-Mosch C (1994) Transcription of HERV-Krelated LTRs in human placentaand leukemic dells. Leukemia S1: 12-17
  23. Steinhuber S, Brack M, Husmann G, Schwelberger H, Dierich MP and Vogetseder W (1995) Distribution of human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K genomes in humans and different primates. Hum Genet 96: 188-192 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00207377
  24. Yee F, Johnston NL, Leister F, Li S, Ross CA, Torrey EF, Yolken RH and Stanley Neuropathology Consortium (1998) Differential expression of viral and virus-associated RNA transcripts of the brains of individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schzpphr Res 29: 92 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-9964(97)88532-5
  25. Zhu ZB, Jian B and Volanakis JE (1994) Ancestry of SINER.C2 a human specific retroposon. Hum Genet 93: 545-551 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00202821
  26. Zsiros J, Jebbink MF, Lukashov VV, Voute PA and Berkhout B (1998) Evolutionary relationships within a subgroup of HERV-K related human endogenous retroviruses. J Gen Virol 79: 61-70