Object-based digital watermarking methods in frequency domain

주파수 영역에서의 객체기반 디지털 워터마크

  • Kim, Hyun-Tae (Department of Electronic Engineering, Dongguk University) ;
  • Kim, Dae-Jin (Department of Electronic Engineering, Dongguk University) ;
  • Won, Chee-Sun (Department of Electronic Engineering, Dongguk University)
  • Published : 2000.09.25

Abstract

In this paper we compare two frequency domain digital watermarking methods for digital Images, namely DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform) based and DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform) based methods. Unlike DCT coefficients, which always have real values, DFT coefficients normally have complex values Therefore, the DFT coefficients have amplitude and phase components Among them, the phase components are known to carry more Important information for the Images. So, we insert the watermark to the phase of the DFT coefficients only This DFT watermarking method is compared with the conventional DCT based watermarking method for the object-based watermarking problem. Experimental results show that the DFT-phase based method IS more robust to general Image processing attacks including resize, lossy compression(JPEG), blurring and median filtering. On the other hand, the DCT based method is more robust to the malicious attack which inserts different watermarks.

본 논문에서는 디지털 컨텐트(Digital Content)의 저작권 보호를 위한 워터마크 삽입방법 중 DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)를 이용한 워터마크 기법과 DFT(Discrete Fourier Transform)를 이용한 워터마크 기법을 비교하여 본다 주파수 변환 방법에 있어서 DCT는 영상의 주파수 상관관계에 따라 실수의 주파수 계수 값을 가진다 그러나 영상을 DFT 주파수 변환 시켰을 때는 주파수 성분이 복소수 값의 형태를 갖는 진폭 성분과 위상성분으로 나누어지는데 그 중 위상성분은 영상의 형태학적 정보 등 여러 가지 중요한 정보들을 포함한다 따라서 위상성분에 워터마크를 삽입함으로써 보다 강인한(Robust) 성질을 지닐 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 DCT 기반의 워터마킹 기법과 DFT 기반의 워터마킹 기법을 각각 객체 단위 워터 마킹 기법에 적용하여 비교하였다 비교결과 DCT를 이용한 워터마크의 삽입 방법에 비해 DFT의 위상성분에 워터마크를 삽입하는 것이 일반적인 영상처리(사이즈 변화, 손실 압축(Lossy Compression), Blurring, Median, Distort등)에 강인한 결과를 나타내었고 반면에 DCT를 이용한 워터마크 삽입 기법은 영상 공격자의 의도적인 공격(다른 워터마크 삽입 등)에 있어서 DFT 위상성분에 삽입한 결과에 비해 더 좋은 결과를 나타내었다.

Keywords

References

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