Effects of Operating Temperatures on Decomposition and Physicho-chemical Properties of Food Wastes in a Fermentation Dryer

발효건조장치의 가동온도가 음식물쓰레기의 분해 및 이·화학성에 미치는 영향

  • Seo, Jeoung-Yoon (Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University) ;
  • Park, Ju-Won (Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University) ;
  • Lee, Young-Hyeung (Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Dong-A University)
  • 서정윤 (창원대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 박주원 (창원대학교 환경공학과) ;
  • 이영형 (동아대학교 환경공학과)
  • Published : 2000.03.30

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of operating temperatures on decomposition and physicho-chemical properties of household food wastes in a fermentation dryer, which was manufactured by Samwoo Co. Ltd. The household food wastes of 100 kg can be put and dried in this dryer at once. The experiments were performed at each temperature of $35^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$, $55^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$ for two days respectively. The samples taken at the fixed time were dried at $105^{\circ}C$ and analyzed to find the decomposition rate and the concentration of each substance. The results obtained were as follows: The decomposition rate at 35 and $70^{\circ}C$ was the highest and showed the similar tendency during the experimental period. The higher the operating temperature was, the faster the water content of the composting material reduced. pH value increased at the operating temperature of 55 and $70^{\circ}C$ and was higher than at the other operating temperatures. Nitrogen content did not show any tendency during the experimental period. $P_2O_5$ and CaO content increased during the experimental period but MgO, $K_2O$ and NaCl were not accumulated. Cu content based on dry matter was in the range of ND~100.4 mg/kg and Cd, Pb and Cr were not detected.

음식물쓰레기 발효건조장치의 가동온도는 발효물질의 분해속도 및 발효물질의 이 화학성 뿐만 아니라 장치의 가동에 소요되는 에너지 양에 크게 영향을 미친다. 따라서 한번에 100kg의 음식물쓰레기를 발효건조시킬 수 있는 시판되는 발효건조기를 사용하여 가동온도를 35, 45, 55와 $70^{\circ}C$에서 가동하면서 발효물질의 분해속도 및 이 화학적 특성의 변화를 조사하였다. 분해속도는$35^{\circ}C$$70^{\circ}C$에서 가장 빨랐으며 모든 온도에서 가동초기 10시간 내에 급격하게 분해되는 비슷한 양상을 보였다. 온도가 높을수록 분해가 빨랐다. 가동기간에 따른 발효물질의 pH는 가동온도 $55^{\circ}C$$70^{\circ}C$에서 빠르게 증가하였다. 발효물질의 질소함량은 가동기간에 따라 별다른 경향을 나타내지 않았다. 발효물질 중 $P_2O_5$와 CaO함량은 가동기간에 따라 증가하였으나 MgO, $K_2O$ 와 NaCl의 함량은 축적되지 않았다. 구리의 함량은 100mg/kg(건조물질 함량)이었으며 Cd, Pb 및 Cr은 분석한계 이하이었다.

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