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Effect of Copper Source (Cupric Citrate vs Cupric Sulfate) and Level on Growth Performance and Copper Metabolism in Pigs

  • Armstrong, T.A. (Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, North Carolina State University Raleigh) ;
  • Spears, J.W. (Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, North Carolina State University Raleigh) ;
  • van Heugten, E. (Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, North Carolina State University Raleigh) ;
  • Engle, T.E. (Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, North Carolina State University Raleigh) ;
  • Wright, C.L. (Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, North Carolina State University Raleigh)
  • 투고 : 1999.09.08
  • 심사 : 2000.02.12
  • 발행 : 2000.08.01

초록

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of cupric citrate (Cu-citrate) relative to cupric sulfate $(CuSO_4)$ as a Cu source for weanling and grow-finish pigs. In addition, the use of liver and bile Cu concentrations as indices of the bioavailability of Cu sources was investigated. Experiment one consisted of a nursery phase (35 d; initial BW=6.4 kg, final BW=21.4 kg) followed by a grow-finish phase (103 d; initial BW=21.5 kg, final BW=111.7 kg). Experiment two only consisted of a nursery phase (35 d; initial BW=6.3 kg, final BW=18.6 kg). Dietary treatments were identical for both experiments and consisted of: control (10 ppm $CuSO_4$); control+66 or 225 ppm $CuSO_4$; control+33, 66, or 100 ppm Cu-citrate. An antibiotic was included in diets for Exp. 1 but not Exp. 2. In both experiments, growth performance variables were similar for pigs receiving Cu-citrate and $CuSO_4$; however, growth performance was not improved by high concentrations of $CuSO_4$. Liver and bile Cu were increased (p<0.05) by 225 ppm $CuSO_4$; however, lower dietary concentrations of Cu from either $CuSO_4$ or Cu-citrate did not affect the Cu concentration of liver or bile relative to that observed in the control pigs. Irrespective of Cu source, there was no linear (p>0.10) increase in plasma Cu with increasing Cu concentrations in the diet for both experiments. However, the plasma Cu concentrations were highest (p<0.10) in pigs receiving diets supplemented with 225 ppm $CuSO_4$. Sixteen randomly chosen pigs per treatment in Exp. 1 were continued through the grow-finish phase. Body weight gain and feed intake were improved (p<0.10) by 66 ppm $CuSO_4$, but other dietary Cu treatments did not alter pig performance compared to the control diet. Plasma Cu concentrations were increased (p<0.10) by 225 ppm $CuSO_4$ in the growing phase and by 225 ppm $CuSO_4$ and 100 ppm Cu-citrate in the finishing phase. These data reveal no consistent effect of $CuSO_4$ on performance; therefore, it is difficult to assess the efficacy of these two Cu sources. In addition, these studies demonstrate that liver and bile Cu are not good indicators of Cu bioavailability in pigs fed adequate to pharmacological concentrations of Cu.

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피인용 문헌

  1. Effect of Dietary Copper Sources and Concentrations on Serum Lysozyme Concentration and Protegrin-1 Gene Expression in Weaning Piglets vol.14, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2015.3709
  2. Effects of graded levels of cupric citrate on growth performance, antioxidant status, serum lipid metabolites and immunity, and tissue residues of trace elements in weaned pigs vol.30, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.16.0182
  3. Effect of dietary copper source (cupric citrate and cupric sulfate) and concentration on growth performance and fecal copper excretion in weanling pigs12 vol.82, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1093/ansci/82.4.1234
  4. Effect of dietary copper source (cupric citrate and cupric sulfate) and concentration on growth performance and fecal copper excretion in weanling pigs12 vol.82, pp.4, 2004, https://doi.org/10.2527/2004.8241234x
  5. Effect of dietary copper amount and source on copper metabolism and oxidative stress of weanling pigs in short-term feeding1 vol.93, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-8082
  6. Biosorption of Copper in Swine Manure Using Aspergillus and Yeast: Characterization and Its Microbial Diversity Study vol.12, pp.None, 2000, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.687533