Variations of pH, EC and anion of stemflow and throughfall in Quercus mongolica and Q. variabilis

신갈나무와 굴참나무 수간류, 임내우의 pH, 전기전도도 및 음이온 변화

The pH, EC and anion of stemflow in Quercus mongolica and Q. variabilis were surveyed and analyzed in order to examine the relationship between watershed conservation function and flood control function of forest in quality and quantity in the Experiment Forests. College of Forest Sciences, Kangwon National University. The results were as follows: 1. pH values of rainfall ranged from 4.47 to 6.55(average: 5.39), and pH values of throughfall ranged from 4.07 to 6.25(average 5.45) for Q. mongolica and from 4.34 to 6.57(average : 5.62) for Q. variabilis, and thus pH values were not different between these two species. Also, pH values of stemflow from Q. mongolica ranged from 4.08 to 6.13(average 5.17) and those of stemflow from Q. variabilis ranged from 3.62 to 6.11(average : 4.68), and pH values of rainfall gave little influence on pH values of stemflow. But, pH values of stemflow in Q. mongolica and Q. variabilis appeard significantly lower in spring and than those in summer and autumn. 2. EC of rainfall was $3.0{\sim}62.6{\mu}s/cm$(average: $18.8{\mu}s/cm$), and EC of throughfall was $5.4{\sim}85.0{\mu}s/cm$(average : $25.1{\mu}s/cm$) for Q. mongolica and $5.0{\sim}253.0{\mu}s/cm$(average : $31.2{\mu}s/cm$) for Q. variabilis. Also, EC of stemflow from Q. mongolica ranged from 9.5 to $500.0{\mu}s/cm$(average : $81.8{\mu}s/cm$) and that of stemflow from Q. variabilis ranged from 11.5 to $534.5{\mu}s/cm$(average : $80.2{\mu}s/cm$). Seasonal EC of rainfall had little variation in the range of 20 to $30{\mu}s/cm$: EC of stemflow showed more than $100{\mu}s/cm$ from March to April and about $30{\mu}s/cm$ in summer period. Seasonal EC of stemflow varied so much and appeared high again from October to November. 3. $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$ and $SO_4{^{2- }}$ concentrations of rainfall and throughfall were from 1 to 15ppm. and $PO_4{^{2- }}$ concentrations showed 0.57ppm and 0.23ppm in rainfall, 0.08ppm in Q. mongolica and 0.14ppm, 0.12ppm and 1.19ppm in Q. variabilis. Also, $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$ and $SO_4{^{2-}}$ concentrations of stemflow were relatively higher than rainfall, and showed differences among seasons. $PO_4{^{2-}}$ concentration of rainfall and throughfall were not possible to observe, but $PO_4{^{2-}}$ concentrations of stemflow ranged from 0.08 to 31.99ppm(average : 3.22ppm) for Q. mongolica and that of stemflow ranged from 0.06 to 12.28ppm(average : 1.93ppm) for Q. variabilis.

강원대학교 산림과학대학에서는 부속연습림의 주요 활엽수종인 신갈나무와 굴참나무의 pH, 전기전도도 및 음이온 농도를 1996년부터 측정하고 있으며, 1998년까지의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 임외우의 pH범위는 4.47~6.55, 평균값은 5.39였으며, 신갈나무와 굴참나무 임내우의 pH범위는 각각 4.07~6.25, 4.34~6.57, 평균값은 5.45와 5.62로 수종간의 차이는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 또한 신갈나무 수간류의 pH 범위는 4.08~6.13. 평균 5.17 였으며, 굴참나무 수간류의 pH 범위는 3.62~6.11, 평균 4.68로 임외우의 pH에 반듯이 비례하지는 않았다. 그러나 봄철이 낮고 상대적으로 여름과 가을철에는 높은 계절적 차이를 발견할 수 있었다. 2. 임외우의 EC범위는 $3.0{\sim}62.6{\mu}s/cm$로 평균값은 $18.8{\mu}s/cm$였으며, 신갈나무와 굴참나무 임내우의 EC범위는 각각 $5.4{\sim}85.0{\mu}s/cm$, $5.0{\sim}253.0{\mu}s/cm$. 평균값은 $25.1{\mu}s/cm$와 $31.2{\mu}s/cm$였다. 또한 신갈나무와 굴참나무 수간류의 EC범위는 각각 $9.5{\sim}500{\mu}s/cm$, $11.5{\sim}534.5{\mu}s/cm$로 평균값은 $81.8{\mu}s/cm$, $80.2{\mu}s/cm$였다. 즉 임외우의 EC는 계절에 상관없이 $20{\sim}30{\mu}s/cm$범위에서 일정한 값을 나타냈으나, 수간류의 EC는 3월~4월에 두 수종 모두 $100{\mu}s/cm$이상을, 그리고 여름철에는 $30{\mu}s/cm$ 내외의 값을 나타내었나, 10월과 11월에 다시 높아지는 계절에 따른 차이가 명확히 나타났다. 3. 임외우와 임내우의 $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$ 및 $SO_4{^{2-}}$ 농도는 0~15ppm였으나, $PO_4{^{2-}}$농도는 임외우가 0.57ppm과 0.23ppm 2차례, 신갈나무에서 0.08ppm 1차례, 굴참나무에서 0.14ppm, 0.12ppm 및 1.19ppm으로 3차례가 각각 검출되었을 뿐이다. 또한 수간류의 $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, $SO_4{^{2-}}$ 및 $PO_4{^{2-}}$ 농도는 전체적으로 임외우보다 높게 나타났으며, 계절적인 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 그러나 $PO_4{^{2-}}$농도의 경우, 임외우와 임내우에서는 거의 발생하지 않았으나 신갈나무와 굴참나무에서 각각 0.08~31.99ppm, 0.06~12.28ppm, 평균값은 각각 3.22ppm, 1.93ppm으로 나타났다.