Diagenetic History of the Ordovician Chongson Limestone in the Chongson Area, Kangwon Province, Korea

강원도 정선 지역 오르도비스기 정선석회암의 속성 역사

  • Published : 2000.08.30

Abstract

The Ordovician Chongson Limestone deposited in the carbonate ramp to the rimmed shelf shows diverse diagenetic features. The marine diagenetic feature appears as isopachous cements surrounding ooids and peloids. Meteoric diagenetic features are recrystallized finely and coarsely crystalline calcite, evaporite casts filled with calcite, and isopachous sparry calcite surrounding ooid grains. Shallow burial diagenetic features include wispy seam, microstylolite, and dissolution seam whereas deep burial features include stylolite, burial cements. blocky calcite with twin lamellae, and poikilotopic calcite. Dolomites consist of very finely to finely crystalline mosaic dolomite formed as supratidal dolomite, disseminated dolomite of diverse origin, patchy dolomite formed from bioturbated mottles, and saddle dolomite of burial origin. Silicified features include calcite-replacing quartz and fracture-filling megaquartz. Burial cements characterized by poikilotopic texture show ${\delta}^{18}$O value of -10.4 %$_o$ PDB, ${\delta}^{13}$C value of -1.0%$_o$ PDB and 504ppm Sr, 3643ppm Fe, and 152ppm Mn concentrations. Finely and coarsely crystalline limestones show similar ${\delta}^{18}$O and ${\delta}^{13}$C value to those of burial cements; however, they show lower Sr and higher Fe and Mn concentrations than burial cements. This suggests that very finely and coarsely crystalline limestones were recrystallized in freshwater and then they were readjusted geochemically in the burial setting whereas the burial cements were formed in relatively high temperature and low water/rock ratio conditions. Very finely and finely crystalline mosaic dolomites with ${\delta}^{18}$O value of -8.2%$_o$ PDB, ${\delta}^{13}$C value of -1.9 %$_o$ PDB, and 213ppm Sr, 3654ppm Fe, and 114ppm Mn concentrations, respectively are interpreted to have been formed penecontemporaneously in supratidal flat and then recrystallized in the low water/rock ratio burial environment. Geochemical data suggest that the low water/rock ratio burial environment was the dominant diagenetic setting in the Chongson Limestone. The Chongson Limestone has experienced marine and meteoric diagenesis during early diagenesis. With deposition of Haengmae and Hoedongri formations part of the Chongson Limestone was buried beneath these formations and it experienced shallow burial diagenesis. During the Devonian the Chongson Limestone was tectonically deformed and subaerially exposed. During the Carboniferous to the Permian about 3.3km thick Pyongan Supergroup was deposited on the Chongson Limestone and the Chongson Limestone was in deep burial depths and stylolite, burial cements, blocky calcite and saddle dolomite were formed. After this burial event the Chongson Limestone was subaerially exposed during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic by three periods of tectonic disturbance including Songnim, Daebo and Bulguksa disturbance. Since the Bulguksa disturbance during Cretaceous and early Tertiary the Chongson Limestone has been subaerially exposed.

탄산염 완사면과 테두리진 탄산염 대륙붕에서 퇴적된 오르도비스기 정선석회암은 다양한 속성양상을 보인다. 어란석 입자나 펠로이드 주위에 분포하는 등후의 침상의 교결물로 나타나는 해수속성작용은 최초의 속성작용이었으며 재결정화된 마이크로스파 내지 스파 방해석, 방해석으로 채워진 증발암 캐스트 그리고 어란석 입자 주위에 분포하는 등후의 스파 방해석으로 나타나는 담수속성작용으로 이어졌다. 얕은 매몰 속성 작용의 양상은 마이크로스타일로라이트와 용해 씸을 포함하며, 깊은 매몰 속성작용의 양상은 스타일로라이트, 매몰 교결물, 거정질 방해석 그리고 포이킬로토픽 방해석을 포함한다. 매몰교결작용은 압력용해양상과 쌍정 엽리를 갖는 거정질 방해석 또는 포이킬로토픽 조직을 갖는 방해석에 의해 특징지어진다. 돌로마이트는 조간대 기원의 극세립 및 세립질 모자이크 돌로마이트, 다양한 기원의 산재된 돌로마이트, 생물 교란 반점이 돌로마이트화 된 패치돌로마이트, 깊은 매몰 기원의 안장형 돌로마이트가 있다. 규화작용은 방해석을 치환한 석영과 열극에 침전된 석영이 있다. 포이킬로토픽 조직을 보이는 극조립질의 매몰교결물은 -10.4%$_o$ PDB의 ${\delta}^{18}$O 값과 -1.0 %$_o$ PDB의 ${\delta}^{13}$C 값, 504ppm Sr, 3643ppm Fe 그리고 152ppm Mn 값을 보인다. 세립 및 조립질 방해석으로 구성된 석회암은 매몰교결물과 비슷한 ${\delta}^{18}$O 값과${\delta}^{13}$C값을 보이나, 매몰교결물에 비해 Sr 함량은 낮고, Fe 및 Mn 함량은 높다 이런 지화학적 경향은 세립 및 조립질 방해석의 재결정화 작용이 담수 환경에서 일어난 후 매몰환경에서 다시 재결정되어 나타난 것으로 해석되며, 매몰교결물은 비교적 높은 온도와 낮은 물/암석 비를 갖는 환경에서 형성된 것으로 해석된다. ${\delta}^{18}$O 값이 -8.2%$_o$ PDB, ${\delta}^{13}$C 값이 -1.9%$_o$ PDB, 213ppm Sr, 3654ppm Fe, and 114ppm Mn을 보이는 극세립 및 세립의 돌로마이트는 조상대 환경에서 퇴적물과 동시기적으로 형성된 후 비교적 낮은 암석/물의 비율을 갖는 매몰 환경에서 재결정 된 것으로 해석된다. 지화학적 자료는 정선석회암의 속성환경은 물/암석의 비가 낮은 매몰환경이 주된 속성환경이었음을 시사한다. 정선석회암은 퇴적될 당시 해수 속성 작용과 담수 속성 작용을 받았다. 행매층과 회동리층의 퇴적으로 정선석회암의 일부는 얕은 매몰 환경 하에 놓이게 되었고, 데본기의 지구조적 변형기에 대기하에 노출되었을 것으로 해석된다. 석탄기와 페름기의 평안계 지층이 약 3km의 두께로 퇴적되어 정선석회암은 이시기에 깊은 매몰환경에 놓이게 된 것으로 해석되며 스타일로라이트, 매몰 교결물, 거정질 방해석 그리고 안장형 돌로마이트가 형성된 것으로 해석된다. 정선석회암은 중생대와 신생대에 있었던 송림, 대보, 불국사 변동으로 대기에 노출된 것으로 보이며 담수 속성환경에 다시 놓이게 된 것으로 해석된다. 백악기와 제3기의 불국사 변동 후 정선 석회암은 대기 하에 노출되어 담수 속성작용을 받은 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

References

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