Changes of Soil-Emission Gases and Microbial Diversity by Different Fertilizers Supplemented after Application of Livestock-Manure Compost in Greenhouse Soil

시설재배지(施設栽培地)에서 축분퇴비(畜糞堆肥) 시용시(施用時) 보충비종(補充費種)에 따른 토양배출(土壤排出)가스 및 미생물다양성(微生物多樣性)의 변화(變化)

This study was conducted to gain basic data for alleviation of gas emission and conservation of healthy soil environment by investigating an aspect of gas emission and microbial diversity due to the supplement of different fertilizers after application with a livestock manure compost in greenhouse soils. Green pepper was cultivated in clay loamy soil from April to August. Before planting, a livestock manure compost was applied with $741mg\;ha^{-1}$ on the basis of the phosphate content contained in compost. And then, deficient nitrogen for cropping was supplemented with either quick-acting fertilizer of urea or a controlled slow release fertilizer made from urea formaldehyde(U/F). $NH_3$ and R $NH_2$ gases emitted from soil showed a low concentration in the early stage but a maximum in 27 days after planting, then decreased rapidly and not detected after 33 days. Their average concentrations were 42% and 85% lower in the treatment of slow release fertilizer than that of urea fertilizer, respectively. $CO_2$ gas emitted under urea fertilization was ranged from 1,200 to $3,200mg{\ell}^{-1}$ and that in slow release fertilizer was $900{\sim}2,650mg\;{\ell}^{-1}$. The average concentration of urea treatment was $2,260mg{\ell}^{-1}$ and 30% higher than that of slow release fertilizer. The treatment of slow release fertilizer with the lapse of cropping time populated larger in numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes, nitrate bacteria and nitrate reduction bacteria, and ratios of bacteria and actinmycetes to fungi than that of urea fertilizer. But the number of fungi was higher in the treatment of urea fertilizer and denitrifying bacteria showed a similar trend in both treatments. The microbial diversity index, which calculated with numbers of 6 species of microorganisms, was decreased with increasing of growing stage in the range of 0.1 to 0.35 and that was higher in the tratment of slow release fertilizer than urea.

축분퇴비의 시용시 보충하는 비종에 따른 하우스 내부의 가스 발생양상과 미생물의 다양성을 구명하여 가스피해 정감 및 토양건전성 유지를 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 식양질 하우스토양에 축분퇴비의 시용량을 고추의 기준시비량과 퇴비에 함유된 인산함량을 기준하여 정식 2주전에 시용하고 부족한 질소성분을 요소와 완효성U/F복비로 보충처리하여 4월부터 8일 까지 재배하였다. 암모니아 및 아민류 가스는 정식초기에는 다소 낮은 농도로 배출되다가 정식 후 27일경에 peak를 보인 후 급격히 감소하여 33일경 이후에는 검출되지 않았으며, 평균농도는 요소구에 비하여 완효성U/F복비구가 암모니아 42%, 아민류 85%감소되었다. 이산화탄소는 요소구 1,200~3,200, 완효성U/F복비구 $900{\sim}2,650mg\;{\ell}^-$의 범위로 배출되었고, 평균농도는 요소구 2,260, 완효성U/F복비구 $1,590mg\;{\ell}^-$이었다. 세균, 방선균, B/F비, A/F비, 암모니아 및 아질산산화세균, 질산환원균 등의 밀도는 재배기간이 경과됨에 따라 완효성U/F복비구에서 더 높았으나 사상균 수는 요소구에서 많았고 탈질균은 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 조사한 6종 미생물 밀도의 백분율을 이용한 다양성지수는 0.10~0.35 범위로 재배기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하는 경향이었으며, 처리간에는 완효성U/F복비구가 요소구에 비하여 더 높았다.