The present knowledge of farmers on pests and chemical control in grapevine culture

포도농가의 병해충 인식 및 화학적 방제 실태

As the first step of a research on the establishment of control strategy for grapevine diseases and insects, the current status of pest control and yield losses by them were surveyed from grapevine growers of Korea. For insects, the most difficult to control was a grapevine stem borer and a grapevine clearwing moth was the next. On the other hand, several diseases including anthracnose, downy mildew, powdery mildew, bird's eye rot, leaf blight, were answered by the growers. The occurrence of the pests varied to the cultural practices. Yield loss was more serious in rainfall intercept culture than in plastic film house culture and diseases caused more loss in yield than insects did. However, the grapevine grower's potential for the identification of the kinds of pests was not high enough. When the pest was observed, the growers consulted mainly with local pesticide dealers or neighbouring growers and usually applied the pesticides prescribed by the dealer. More than half of the growers did not use pest control calendar, and most of the growers applied pesticides before any symptom appeared. Also, more than half of the growers applied mixture of at least more than 1 kind of pesticide and nutrients. Insecticides were applied less than 5 times during the season, but it was more than 6 times for fungicides. In the pesticide selection, the growers checked control effect first, regardless of the registration, and the pest control cost per unit area varied very much depending on the growers.

포도 병해충 방제기술 확립을 위한 연구의 기초단계로서 포도 재배 농가를 대상으로 병해충 방제실태 및 피해에 대한 설문조사를 실시한 결과, 방제가 가장 어려운 해충은 포도호랑하늘소와 포도유리나방이었으나, 병은 탄저병, 노균병, 흰가루병, 새눈무늬병, 갈색무늬병 등 다양하였다. 병충해의 발생은 포도 재배방식에 따라 차이가 있었으며, 해충보다는 병에 의해서, 시설재배보다는 노지비가림재배에서 감수율이 더 컸다. 농가의 병충해 식별능력은 높다고 할 수 없었으며, 병충해가 발생하면 주로 농약상이나 이웃 농가에 문의하고, 농약상이 처방해 주는 농약을 처리하는 것으로 나타났다. 방제력을 활용하는 농가는 사용하지 않는 농가보다 적었으며, 대부분의 농가가 예방차원에서 방제를 하고 있었다. 반 이상의 농가가 적어도 한가지의 농약을 영양제와 혼합처리하고 있었으며, 살충제는 5회 이내로 처리하는 반면, 살균제는 6회 이상을 처리하고 있었다. 단위 면적 당 방제비용은 변이 폭이 매우 컸다.