신갈나무 (Quercus mongolica Fisch) 목초액의 제초활성

Herbicidal Activity of Wood Vinegar from Quercus mongolica Fisch

제초제에 의한 인축 및 환경오염 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안의 하나로 최근 유기농가 목초액을 잡초방제에 도입하려는 시도를 하고 있다. 본 실험의 목적은 유기농가에서 사용하고 있는 신갈나무 목초액의 살초효과를 검정하는데 있다. 목초액 0.01%는 고형배지에서 피(Echinochloa crus-gulli P. Beauv), 개밀(Agropyron smithii RYDB), 캐놀라(Brassica napus L.), 어저귀(Abutilon avicennae Gaetrn), 자귀풀(Aeschynomene indica L.), 수수(Sorghum bicolor Moench)의 생장에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았으나, $0.1{\sim}1%$는 식물의 생장을 둔화시켰고, > 5%는 식물의 생장을 완전저해시켰다. 목초액 1배량(80L $80L^{-1}\;10a^{-1}$)을 토양처리시 캐놀라, 어저귀, 피, 바랭이(Digitaria sanguinalis Scop.)의 생장은 아무런 영향을 받지 않은 반면, 경엽처리시 식물의 생장은 1/2배량 혹은 1배량 처리시 둔화되었다. 목초액의 살초력을 춘천과 태백 2곳의 포장에서 검정한 결과, 목초액 1배량 처리구의 잡초생체중은 무처리구의 잡초생체중과 비교하여 $34{\sim}36%$ 작았으나, >1/2배량 처리구의 잡초생체중은 무처리구의 잡초생체중과 차이가 없었다. 그러나 목초액 1배량의 살초력은 glyphosate 1/2 배량의 살초력에도 훨씬 못미쳤기에 목초액의 실제 살초력은 매우 낮은 것으로 판단된다.

The objective of this study was to determine if wood vinegar of Quercus mongolica Fisch has herbicidal activity. Growth of plants, such as barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-gulli P. Beauv), quackgrass (Agropyron smithii RYDB), canola (Brassica napus L.), velvetleaf (Abutilon avicennae), indian jointvetch (Aeschynomene indica), and common sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grown on agar batch treated with 0.01% wood vinegar were similar to that of plant without wood vinegar. The growth of such plants, however, reduced at $0.1{\sim}1%$ concentrations, and inhibited totally at >5% concentration. In greenhouse study, soil-applied wood vinegar did not inhibit tile growth of canola, barnyard grass, large crabgrass, and Abutilon avicennae even at the highest concentration, 80L $80L^{-1}\;10a^{-1}$, while foliar-applied wood vinegar did inhibit the growth of plants at higher than 40L $80L^{-1}\;10a^{-1}$. Growth of canola, barnyard grass, large crabgrass, and Abutilon avicennae treated with wood vinegar (80L $80L^{-1}\;10a^{-1}$) was reduced by 71, 46, 24, and 47%, respectively. In field experiment conducted at Chunchon and Taebeck, biomass of weeds treated with wood vinegar at less than 40L $80L^{-1}\;10a^{-1}$ were close to that of weeds treated without wood vinegar, while biomass of weeds at 80L $80L^{-1}\;10a^{-1}$ was reduced by 34-36%, compared to that of control, at both sites. However, the herbicidal activity of wood vinegar was much lower than that of glyphosate. Results in this study show that wood vinegar of Quercus mongolica Fisch has herbicidal activity, although the herbicidal activity was lower than that of glyphosate, a commercial herbicide.