제초제 quinclorac의 토양컬럼 중 용탈

Leaching of the herbicide quinclorac in soil columns

유리컬럼에 논토양을 인위적으로 충전시킨 후 3가지 방법 [흡착제가 없는 quinclorac (T-1), 활성탄에 흡착된 quinclorac (T-2), 소석회와 활성탄의 혼합물에 흡착된 quinclorac (T-3)]으로 [$^{14}C$]quinclorac을 처리한 다음 벼재배 유무에 따른 용탈시험을 17주 동안 수행하였다. 무재배 경우 토양컬럼을 통하여 용탈된 T-1, T-2, T-3의 $^{14}C$ 방사능의 양은 각각 총처리 방사능의 약 81.1%, 27.8%, 그리고 48.0%였으며, 벼 재배의 경우에는 각각 약 36.8%, 9.6%, 그리고 11.0%였다. 이는 벼 재배와 흡착제의 첨가가 quinclorac의 용탈을 현저히 경감시켰음을 시사하였다. 모든 처리구에서 벼에 의해 흡수이행된 방사능은 각각 총처리 방사능의 13.6%, 11.0%, 그리고 13.9%였다. 용탈시험 종료 후 토양에 잔류한 $^{14}C$ 방사능의 양은 벼를 재배한 토양컬럼에서 각각 36.3%, 73.7%, 그리고 61.8%였으며, 벼를 재배하지 않은 토양컬럼에서는 각각 19.7%, 71.1%, 그리고 52.3%였다. T-1과 T-3에서 벼에 의해 흡수 이행된 $^{14}C$ 방사능은 시험기간중 여러 작용에 의하여 대기중으로 휘발 또는 방출되었다. Leachate의 방사능중 수상에 분포된 양은 모든 시료에서 전체 방사능의 7% 이하이었으나, 벼 재배 경우에서는 용탈 기간이 증가할수록 점차 증가하여 극성분해산물의 형성을 시사하였다.

The leaching behaviour of quinclorac was elucidated using soil columns. On top of each glass column packed with a rice paddy soil up to the 30 cm height were applied three different treatments of [$^{14}C$]quinclorac: quincloiac only (T-1), quinclorac adsorbed onto active carbon (T-2), and quinclorac adsorbed onto a mixture of active carbon and $Ca(OH)_{2}$ (T-3). Half of the columns were planted with rice plants for 17 weeks and half of them unplanted for comparison. Average amounts of $^{14}C$-activity percolated from tile soil columns without rice plants in T-1, T-2, and T-3 were 81.1%, 27.8% and 48.0%, respectively, of tile originally applied $^{14}C$, whereas those with rice plants grown were 36.8%, 9.6% and 11.0%, respectively, indicating that the leaching of [$^{14}C$]quinclorac was significantly affected by vegetation and by treatment with the adsorbents. The bioavailability of the herbicide to rice plants in T-1, T-2, and T-3 were 13.6%, 11.0% and 13.9%, respectively. The residue levels of quinclorac in the edible part of rice grains would be far less than the maximum residue limit (MRL, 0.5 ppm). After the leaching, the amounts of $^{14}C$ remaining in soil in with rice planting T-1, T-2, and T-3 were 36.3%, 73.7%, and 61.8%, whereas those without rice planting were 19.7%, 71.1%, and 52.3%, respectively. The balance sheets indicate that [$^{14}C$]quinclorac translocated to rice shoots would be lost by volatilization and/or in other ways in T-1 and T-3. The $^{14}C$-activity partitioned into the aqueous phase of the leachates collected from all treatments was less than 7% of the total, but it increased gradually with time in the case of rice growing, suggesting tile formation of some polar degradation products.