A Study on Microfailure Mechanism of Single-Fiber Composites using Tensile/Compressive Broutman Fragmentation Techniques and Acoustic Emission

인장/압축 Broutman Fragmentation시험법과 음향방출을 이용한 단섬유 복합재료의 미세파괴 메커니즘의 연구


Abstract

Interfacial and microfailure properties of carbon fiber/epoxy matrix composites were evaluated using both tensile fragmentation and compressive Broutman tests with an aid of acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. A polymeric maleic anhydride coupling agent and a monomeric amino-silane coupling agent were used via the electrodeposition (ED) and the dipping applications, respectively. Both coupling agents exhibited significant improvements in interfacial shear strength (IFSS) compared to the untreated case under tensile and compressive tests. The typical microfailure modes including fiber break of cone-shape, matrix cracking, and partial interlayer failure were observed during tensile test, whereas the diagonal slippage in fiber ends was observed under compressive test. For both loading types, fiber breaks occurred around just before and after yielding point. In both the untreated and treated cases AE amplitudes were separately distributed for the tensile testing, whereas they were closely distributed for the compressive tests. It is because of the difference in failure energies of carbon fiber between tensile and compressive loading. The maximum AE voltage for the waveform of carbon or basalt fiber breakages under tensile tests exhibited much larger than those under compressive tests, which can provide the difference in the failure energy of the individual failure processes.

탄소섬유/에폭시 복합재료의 계면 및 미세파괴 물성을 인장 fragmentation과 압축 Broutman 두 시험법과 음향방출 시험을 이용하여 평가하였다. Maleic anhydride polymeric coupling agent와 amino-silane를 각각 전기증착법 및 dipping을 통하여 섬유표면에 적용하였다. 두 coupling agents를 사용한 섬유와 기지간의 계면전단강도는 인장 및 압축 두 시험에서 모두 미처리와 비교하여 큰 증가를 나타내었다. 인장시험 동안에, 원추모양의 섬유파단과 기지의 cracking 그리고 부분적인 interlayer failure로 이루어진 전형적인 미세파괴 형태가 발생하였다. 이에 비하여, 압축시험에서는 부러진 섬유의 끝에서 대각선 방향이 슬립거동이 관찰되었다. 주어진 두 힘의 하중상태에서 섬유의 파단은 항복점 전후 부근에서 일어났다. 음향방출분포는 인장에서 섬유표면 처리와 미처리의 두 조건에서 미세파괴 신호가 잘 분리되었으며, 한편, 압축에서는 signal이 다소 중복되어 나타났다. 이는 탄소섬유의 인장력/압축력 간의 파괴에너지 차이에 기인한다고 고려된다. 탄소와 basalt 섬유복합재료의 섬유파단 waveform의 최대 voltage는 압축보다 인장시험에서 상당히 크게 나타났으며, 이들은 음향방출시험으로 파괴에너지 차이를 명확히 비교 및 확인할 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Journal of Materials Science v.29 Single-fiber polymer composites;Part I Interfacial shear strength and stress distribution in the pull-out test T. Grubb;Z.F. Li
  2. Mech. and Phys. of Solids v.13 Tensile proper-ties of fiber reinforced metals;copper/tungsten and copper/molybdenum A. Kelly;W.R. Tyson
  3. Poly-mer Composites v.20 Interfacial properties of glass fiber/brittle-ductile dual-matrix composites using microme-chanical techniques and acoustic emission J.M. Park;S.I. Lee;D.W. Shin;D.J. Yoon
  4. Composites Science & Technology v.59 Interfacial aspects of two basalt and SiC fiber reinforced epoxy composites using fragmentation technique and acoustic emission J.M. Park;W.G. Shin;D.J. Yoon
  5. Materials Science and Engineering v.A126 An intro-duction method for measuring residual stress in fiber reinforced ceramics D.B. Marshall;W.C. Oliver
  6. Comps-ites Part A v.30 Single fiber Broutman test;fiber-matrix interface transverse debonding C. Ageorges;K. Friedrich;T. Schuller;B. Lauke
  7. Proceeding of Royal Society London. A v.452 The compressive fragmentation phenomenon;using microcomposites to evaluate thermal stress, single fibre compressive strengths, Weibull para-meters and interfacial shear strength J.R. Wood;H.D. Wagner;G. Marom
  8. Applied Composites Materials v.4 Determining the interfacial shear strength the presence of tran-scrystllinity in composite by the 'single-fiber microcomposite compressive fragmentation test J.R. Wood;G. Marom
  9. Journal of Material Science v.27 Transverse loading of monfila-ment reinforced microcomposites;a novel frag-mentation technique for measuring the fiber com-pressive strength H.D. Wagner;C. Migliaresi;A.H. Gilbert;G. Marom
  10. Journal of Material Science v.29 Some aspects of interface adhesion of electrolytically oxidized carbon fibers in an epoxy resin matrix C.M. Ballie;M.G. Bader
  11. Journal of Material Science v.27 Ammonia plasma treatment of ultra-high strength polyethylene fiber for improved adhesion to epoxy resin Z.F. Li;A.N. Netravali;W. Sachse
  12. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Interfacial aspects of two-car-bon fiber reinforced polycarbonate composites using two-synthesized graft copolymers as cou-pling agents J.M. Park
  13. Polymer Composites v.17 Improvements of interfacial shear strength and durability in single carbon fibre reinforced isotac-tic polypropylene composites using water dis-persible graft copolymer as a coupling agent J.M. Park;J.O. Lee;C.W. Park
  14. Polymer Composites v.7 Elec-trodeposition of a polymer interphase in carbon-fiber composites R.V. Subramanian;A.S. Crasto
  15. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Interfacial properties of electrodeposited carbon fibers reinforced epoxy composites using nomomeric and polymeric coupling J.M. Park;Y.M. Kim;K.W. Kim;D.J. Yoon
  16. ICCE/6 Interfacial properties of electrodeposited carbon fibers reinforced epoxy composites using fragmentation technique and acoustic emission J.M. Park;Y.M. Kim;K.W. Kim;D.J. Yoon
  17. Engineering Fracture Mechan-ics v.56 no.6 Fracture behavior and acoustic emission in bending tests on single-fiber composites Q.Q. Li;E. Jinen
  18. Jour-nal of Material Science v.26 Determination of fibre/matrix interfacial shear strength by an acoustic emission technique A.N. Netravali;Z.F. Li;W. Sachse
  19. NDT & E International v.25 Characteristics of acoustic emission during the damage process in notched short-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics N.S. Choi;K. Takahasi;K. Hosino
  20. Journal Materials Science v.33 Characteriza-tion of the damage process in short-fiber/thermo-plastic composites by acoustic emission N.S. Choi;K. Takahashi
  21. Journal of Materials Science v.27 Weibull analy-tic? of strength-length relationships in single ?calon SiC fibres H.F. Wu;A.N. Netravali
  22. Journal of Materials Science v.30 ? new theory to obtain Weibull fibre strength parameters from a single-fibre composite test K. Goda;J.M. Park;A.N. Netravali
  23. Journal of Applied Polymer Science v.39 Axial compressive strength of carbon firbres T. Ohsawa;M. Miwa;M. Kawade;E. Tsutshima