Simultaneous Removal of Phenol and Hexavalent Chromium by Rhodococcus sp. CP01

Rhodococcus sp. CP01에 의한 페놀과 6가 크롬이온의 동시 제거

  • 최광현 (한림대학교 생명과학부) ;
  • 오영숙 (명지대학교 세라믹화학공학부) ;
  • 김병동 (서울대학교 식물생산과학부) ;
  • 최성찬 (한림대학교 생명과학부)
  • Published : 2000.12.01

Abstract

Simultaneous reduction of Cr(VI) and degradation of phenol was observed in batch and bench-scale continuous stirred tank reactors using Rhodococcus sp. CP01 isolated from leachate. The strain CP01, which was capable of utilizing phenol as a sole source of carbon and energy, completely reduced added hexavalent chromium (0.25 mM) to its trivalent form during 60 hr batch assay under optimal conditions (pH 7.0 and 1,000 mg/L of phenol concentration). The rates of Cr(VI) reduction and phenol degradation were estimated as 4.17 $\mu$M Cr(VI) and 38.4 mg phenol.$L^{-1}{\cdot}hr^{-1}$, respectively. The continuous culture experiment was conducted for 46 days using synthetic feed containing different levels of chromate (0.0625 to 0.25 mM) and phenol(1,000 to 4,000 mg/L). With a hydraulic retention time of 100 hr, Cr(VI) reduction efficiency was mostly 100% for influent Cr(VI) and phenol concentrations of 0.125 mM and 3,000 mg/L, respectively. During quasi-steady-state operation, specific rate of Cr(VI) reduction was calculated as 0.34 mg Cr(VI).g $protein^{-1}{\cdot}hr^{-1}$ which was comparable to reported values obtained by using glucose as growth substrate. The results suggest the potential application of biological treatment for detoxification of wastewater contaminated simultaneously with Cr(VI) and pheonol.

페놀을 유일한 탄소 및 에너지원으로 이용할 수 있는 Rhodococcus sp. CP01을 침출수로부터 분리하고 회분식 및 연속배양 체제에서 크롬(VI)을 동시에 환원시키는 능력을 추정하였다. 크롬(VI) 환원의 최적 pH 7.0과 페놀 농도 1,000 mg/L에서 최소배지에 주어진 0.25 mM의 크롬(VI)은 CP01 균주에 의해 60시간만에 완전히 환원되었으며, 이때 크롬의 환원속도는 4.17 $\mu$M/hr, 페놀의 분해속도는 38.4 mg.$L^{-1}$.$hr^{-1}$로 측정되었다. 수리학적 체류시간을 100hr으로 유지한 호기성 연속배양 체제에서 크롬(VI)의 농도를 0.0625, 0.125, 그리고 0.25 mM로, 페놀 농도를 1,000~4,000 mg/L까지 변화시키면서 46인간 운전한 결과, 크롬(VI) 0.125 mM과 페놀 3,000 mg/L일 때 유사 steady state에 이르렀으며 이때 크롬의 환원율은 거의 100%로 일정하게 유지되었다. 이 구간에서 계산된 specific reduction rate는 0.34 mg Cr(VI).g $protein^{-1}$.$hr^{-1}$로서 glucose를 생장기질로 이용한 기존의 연구 결과와 유사한 수준으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 본 연구는 중금속 크롬(VI)과 방향족 화합물인 페놀을 동시에 효과적으로 제거할 수 있는 생물학적 처리 가능성을 보여 주었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Methods Microbiol. v.15 Gas-liquid chromatography for the assay of fatty acid composition in gram-negative bacilli as an aid to classification Bergan, T.;K. Sorheim
  2. Anal. Biochem. v.72 A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding Bradford, M. M.
  3. J. Water Poll. Contr. Fed. v.46 Plating and cyanide wastes Germain, J. E.;K. E. Patterson
  4. Biotechnol. Bioeng. v.43 Studies on microbial chromate reduction by Pseudomonas sp. in aerobic continuous suspended growth cultures Gopalan, R.;H. Veeramani
  5. Agric. Biol. Chem. v.51 Enzymatic reduction of hexavalent chromium by hexavalent chromium tolerant Pseudomonas ambigua G-1 Horitsu, H.;S. Futo;Y. Miyazawa;S. Ogai;K. Kawai
  6. Water Res. v.24 Effects of pH and oxidation state of chromium on the behavior of chromium in the activated sludge process Imai, A.;E. F. Gloyna
  7. Environ. Health Perspect. v.92 The analytical biochemistry of chromium Katz, S. A.
  8. J. Appl. Toxicol. v.13 The toxicology of chromium with respect to its chemical speciation: a review Katz, S. A.;H. Salem
  9. Kor. J. Microbiol. v.34 Reduction of hexavalent chromium by leachate microorganisms in a continuous suspended growth culture Kim, H.-Y.;Y.-S. Oh;Y.-K. Kim;S.-C. Choi
  10. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. v.31 Factors affecting chromate reduction in Enterobacter cloacae strain HOI. Komori, K.;P. C. Wang;K. Toda;H. Ohtake
  11. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. v.59 Chromate reduction by resting cells of Agrobacterium radiobacter EPS-916 Llovera, S.;R. Bonet;M. D. Simon-Pujol;F. Congregado
  12. J. Microbiol. v.35 Reduction of hexavalent chromium by Pseudomonas aeruginosa HP014 Oh, Y.-S.;S.-C. Choi
  13. Kor. J. Microbiol. v.33 A comparison between bacterial Cr(Ⅵ) resistance and Cr(Ⅵ) reduction among environmental isolates Oh, Y.-S.;S.-C. Choi
  14. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. v.33 Toxicity and mutagenicity of hexavalent chromium on Salmonella typhimurium Petrilli, F. L.;S. De Flora
  15. J. Environ. Eng. v.120 Biological reduction of chromium by Escherichia coli Shen, H.;Y.-T. Wang
  16. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. v.61 Simultaneous chromium reduction and phenol degradation in a coculture of Escherichia coli ATCC 33456 and Pseudomonas putida DMP-! Shen, H.;Y.-T. Wang
  17. Standard Methods(19th ed.) American Public Health Association
  18. J. Gen. Microbiol. v.43 The aerobic pseudomonads: a taxonomic study Stanier, R. Y.;N. J. Palleroni;M. Doudoroff
  19. J. Bacteriol. v.174 NAD(P)H-dependent chromium(Ⅵ) reductase of Pseudomonas ambigua G-1: a Cr(Ⅴ) intermediate is formed during the reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) to Cr(Ⅲ) Suzuki, T.;N. Miyata;H. Horitsu;K. Kawai;K. Takamizawa;Y. Tai;M. Okazaki
  20. J. Ind. Microbiol. v.14 Bacterial reduction of hexavalent chromium Wang, Y.-T;H. Shen
  21. Water Res. v.31 Modelling of Cr(Ⅵ) reduction by pure bacterial cultures Wang, Y.-T.;H. Shen
  22. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. v.78 Membrane-bound respiratory system of Enterobacter cloacae strain HO1 grown anaerobically with chromate Wang, P.-C.;K. Toda;H. Ohtake;I. Kusaka;I. Yabe
  23. J. Environ. Eng. v.126 Cr(Ⅵ) reduction in continuous-flow coculture bioreactor Wang, Y.-T.;E. M. Chirwa;H. Shen