References
- G.G. Stoney, 'The tension of metallic films deposited by electrolysis,' Proc. Roy. Soc., vol. 9, pp. 172-175, 1909 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1909.0021
- M. Mehregany, R. Howe and S. Senturia, 'Novel microstructures for the in situ measurement of the mechanical properties of thin films,' J. Appl. Phys., vol.62, no.9, pp.3579-3584, 1 Nov. 1987 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.339285
- P.M. Zavracky, G.G. Adams, and P.D. Aquilino, 'Strain analysis of silicon-on-insulator films produced by zone melting recrystallization,' J. Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 42-48, Mar. 1995 https://doi.org/10.1109/84.365369
- Y. Gianchandani and K. Najafi, 'Bent-Beam Strain Sensors,' J. Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 52-58, Mar. 1996 https://doi.org/10.1109/84.485216
- J.F.L. Goosen, B.P. van Drieenhuizen, P.J. French and R.F. Wolffenbuttel, 'Stress measurement structures for micromachined sensors,' Tech. Dig. 7th Int. Conf. On Solid State Sensors and Actuators, Transducers 93(Yokohama, Japan), pp.783-786, 1993
- F. Ericson, S. Greek, J. Soderkvist and J.A. Schweitz, 'High-sensitivity surface micromachined structures for internal stress and stress gradient evaluation,' J. Micromech. Microeng., vol. 7, pp.30-36, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/7/1/006
- H. Guckel, T. Randazzo and D.W. Burns, 'A simple technique for the determination of mechanical strain in thin films with applications to polysilicon,' J. Appl. Phys., vol.57, no.5, pp.1671-1675, Mar. 1, 1985 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.334435
- H. Guckel, D. Burns, C. Rutigliano, E. Lovell and B. Choi, 'Diagnostic microstructures for the measurement of intrinsic strain in thin films,' J. Micromech. Microeng., vol. 2, pp. 86-95, 1992 https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/2/2/004
- O. Tabata, K. Kawahata, S. Sugiyama, and I. Igarashi, 'Mechanical property measurements of thin film using load-deflection of composite rectangular membrane,' Proc. IEEE Microelectromechanical Systems, pp. 152-156, 1989
- D. Maier-Schneider, J. Maibach, E. Obermeier and D. Schneider, 'Variations in Youngs Modulus and Intrinsic stress of LPCVD-polysilicon due to high-temperature annealing,' J. Micromech. Microeng., vol.5, pp. 121-124, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/5/2/016
- L.M. Zhang, D. Uttamchandani, and B. Clushaw, 'Measurement of the mechanical properties of silicon microresonators,' Sensors and Actuators A, 29, pp.79-84, 1991 https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-4247(91)80034-M
- Y. Gianchandani and K. Najafi, 'A bulk silicon dissolved wafer process for Microelectromechanical devices,' J. Microelectromechanical Systems, vol.1, no.2, pp.77-85, June 1992 https://doi.org/10.1109/84.157361
- X. Y. Ye, Z. Y. Zhou, Y. Yang, J. H. Zhang and J. Yao, 'Determination of the mechanical properties of microstructures,' Solid State Sensors and Actuators(Transducers 95 Eurosensors IX), pp.100-103, 1995 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-4247(97)80051-9
- K. Najafi and K. Suzuki, 'A novel technique and structure for the measurement of intrinsic stress and Youngs modulus of thin films,' Proc. IEEE Microelectromechanical Systems, pp. 96-97, 1989 https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMSYS.1989.77969
- P.M. Osterberg and S.D. Senturia, 'M-TEST: A Test Chip for MEMS Material Property Measurement Using Electrostatically Actuated Test Structures.' J. Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 6, no. 2, 107-118, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1109/84.585788
- R. Legtenberg, A.W. Groeneveld and M. Elwenspoek, 'Comb-drive actuator for large displacements,' J. Micromech. Microeng., vol.6, pp.320-329, 1996 https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/6/3/004