Abstract
This study was investigated to compare the changes of flavors in sesame oil with roasting temperature $(110^{\circ}C{\sim}230^{\circ}C)$. In the results of analyzing the volatile flavor compounds of sesame oil with GC and GC/MS, 26 pyrazines, 11 pyridines, 9 thiazoles, 6 furans, 8 pyrroles, 5 phenols, 8 aldehydes, 8 hydrocarbons, 7 alcohols, 2 indoles, 3 ketones, 10 acids, 4 nitriles, 7 esters, and 5 others were isolated, identified, and quantified. The total amount of flavor compounds was increased with roasting temperature. Detected flavors could be devided into top(peak No. $1{\sim}91$), middle$(92{\sim}197)$ and last note$(198{\sim}224)$ by rentention time. The top notes(initial content 19.87 ppm) which contain pyrazines and provide representative roasted flavors were increased significantly with roasting temperature. Initial content of middle note(17.72 ppm) was increased to 36.71 ppm at $170^{\circ}C$, to 95.61 ppm at $220^{\circ}C$, and to 138.62 ppm at $230^{\circ}C$. Last note was almost unchanged up to $170^{\circ}C$ and increased at $190^{\circ}C$, whereas it indicated a tendency to decrease at $230^{\circ}C$. Pyrazines such as methylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine which indicate the major components among volatile flavors were increased slightly up to $150^{\circ}C$ and revealed the higher increase than any other components above $170^{\circ}C$. This tendency was also similar to pyridines, thiazoles, and furans. Most of these compounds are assumed to be developed by thermochemical reactions of sesame components by roasting above $170^{\circ}C$. It seemed that a lot of increase in phenols above $210^{\circ}C$ resulted from the production of guaiacol. Acids were almost unchanged up to $190^{\circ}C$, increased at $210^{\circ}C$, and then decreased above $220^{\circ}C$. It seemed to be resulted from pyrolysis of free fatty acids formed from thermal oxidation of oil.
참기름의 향기성분을 GC 및 GC/MS로 분석한 결과, pyrazines 26종, pyridines 11종, thiazoles 9종, furans 6종, pyrroles 8종, phenols 5종, aldehydes 8종, hydrocarbons 8종, alcohols 7종, indoles 2종, ketones 3종, acids 10종, nitriles 4종, esters 7종, 기타 5종 등 119종의 향기성분을 분리, 동정 및 정량하였다. 향기 성분총량은 볶음온도상승에 따라 증가하여 초기함량 42.16ppm로부터 $150^{\circ}C$ 볶음온도에서 79.29ppm으로 약 2배, $210^{\circ}C$ 볶음온도에서 약 5배(209.35ppm), $230^{\circ}C$ 볶음온도에서 314.60ppm으로 약 8배 생성된 것으로 나타났다. 분리되어나온 향기성분을 머무름시간에 따라 3등분하여 top note(peak No. $1{\sim}91$), middle note(peak No. $92{\sim}197$), last note(peak No. $198{\sim}224$)로 분류 비교한 결과, pyrazine화합물을 포함하고 있으며 관능적으로 중요한 top note함량이 초기함량 19.87ppm으로부터 $170^{\circ}C$에서 75.89ppm으로 약 4배 증가한 후, 이후 온도상승에 따라 현저한 증가현상을 나타낸 반면, middle note함량은 초기함량 17.72ppm으로부터 $170^{\circ}C$에서 36.71ppm으로 약 2배 증가한 후, $220^{\circ}C$인 경우 95.61 ppm에서 $230^{\circ}C$인 경우 138.62ppm으로 급격히 증가하였다. last note는 $170^{\circ}C$까지 거의 변화하지 않다가 $190^{\circ}C$에서 급격히 증가, $220^{\circ}C$ 이후 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 향기성분 중 주요구성화합물은 pyrazine화합물이었고 볶음온도상승에 따라 $150^{\circ}C$ 까지는 미미한 증가현상을 나타내다가 $170^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 화합물 중 가장 급격한 증가현상을 나타내었다. yrazine화합물 중에서 온도상승에 따라 가장 많은 변화를 보인 화합물은 methylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine등이었다. pyridines, thiazoles, aldehydes, alcohols도 비슷한 증가현상을 나타내었고 acids은 $190^{\circ}C$까지는 $2.51{\sim}4.41$ ppm으로 거의 변화를 보이지 않다가 $210^{\circ}C$에서 18.92 ppm으로 급증하였고, 이후 $220^{\circ}C$에서 7.20ppm, $230^{\circ}C$에서 5.56 ppm으로 점진적으로 감소하였다. 이는 nonanoic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid등이 고온가열에 의해 생성되었다가 이들이 열분해로 소실되었기 때문으로 생각된다.
(Department of Food and Life Science, Sungkyunkwan University)
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