Effect of Aeration Rates on Ammonia Emissions during Composting of Livestock Manure

축분(畜糞) 퇴비화시(堆肥化時) 공기주입율(空氣注入率)이 암모니아 배출(排出)에 미치는 영향(影響)

This experiment was conducted to find out the optimum condition of aeration rates for removal of malodor and to improve the compost quality. The aspect of ammonia emission and amounts of volatilization were investigated in the enclosed composting reactor of 242 liters piled with mixed materials of dairy manure and rice straw, which adjusted to 65% of initial moisture content and controlled by four different aeration rates. Mature temperature increased suddenly in initial composting time and decreased with Increasing aeration rates. The treatment of $1.79l\;min^{-1}kg\;dry-solids^{-1}$ results in overcooling and rapid drying of composting materials because of too much aeration. The average concentration of ammonia emitted from composting for 24 days was the range of 25.3 to $239.8mg\;l^{-1}$ and was highest in the treatment of $0.09l\;min^{-1}kg\;dry-solids^{-1}$, followed by 0.90. 0.18 and $1.79l\;min^{-1}kg\;dry-solids^{-1}$. The range of maximum concentration by different aeration rates was $335{\sim}2279mg\;l^{-1}$ and it wan highest in the treatment of $0.09l\;min^{-1}kg\;dry-solids^{-1}$, followed by 0.18, 0.09 and $1.79l\;min^{-1}kg\;dry-solids^{-1}$. Relationship between the ammonia concentration emitted and temperature matured under different aeration rates showed an exponential positive correlation with 1% significance and had a trend of clear increase in ammonia concentration with increasing temperature over $50^{\circ}C$. Most of ammonia volatilized within plays after composting. The volatilization rate of ammonia ranged from 0.056 to 0.453 per dry solids of materials and it was highest in the treatment of $0.09l\;min^{-1}kg\;dry-solids^{-1}$, followed by 0.18, 0.09 and $1.79l\;min^{-1}kg\;dry-solids^{-1}$. Amounts of ammonia volatilized under composting condition of this experiment was estimated to be highest in the aeration range of 0.9 to $1.0l\;min^{-1}kg\;dry-solids^{-1}$.

축분 퇴비화시 악취 경감과 양질의 퇴비생산을 위한 적절한 공기주입율을 설정하고자 밀폐형 반응조(242l)에 우분과 볏짚의 혼합물(65% 수분함량)을 퇴적하고 4처리의 공기량을 주입하여 암모니아 가스의 발생양상과 휘산랑을 구명하였다. 부숙온도는 공기주입율이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향이었으며, 공기주입율이 가장 높았던 $1.79l\;min^{-1}kg\;dry-solids^{-1}$처리는 부숙온도의 저하 및 건조화로 퇴비화에 부적합하였다. 24일간의 퇴비화 동안 암모니아의 평균배출농도는 $25.3{\sim}239.8mg\;l^{-1}$ 범위로 그 크기는 0.09 > 0.90 > 0.18 > $1.79l\;min^{-1}kg^{-1}$ 순이었으며 최대농도는 $0.90l\;min^{-1}kg^{-1}$ 처리에서 $2279.1mg\;l^{-1}$로 가장 높았고 0. 18 l 처리는 $1321mg\;l^{-1}$, 0.09l는 $1317mg\;l^{-1}$, 1.79l는 $335mg\;l^{-1}$ 수준이었다. 암모니아 배출농도와 부숙온도의 관계는 고도의 지수적 정의 상관을 보였으며, $50^{\circ}C$ 이상부터 농도의 증가가 뚜렷한 경향이었다. 암모니아 휘산량의 대부분은 퇴비화 5일내에 발생되었으며 휘산율은 퇴적물의 건물당 0.056~0.453%의 범위로서 그 크기는 공기주입을 0.90 > 1.79 > 0.18 > $0.09l\;min^{-1}kg^{-1}$ 순이었다. 또한 암모니아 휘산량은 공기주입을 $0.7{\sim}1.0l\;min^{-1}kg^{-1}$의 범위에서 최대가 될 것으로 추정되었다.