Influences of Thermal Effluents on the Epilithic Algal Community in Small Stream Originating from the Seokjung Hot Spring

온천 배수 유입에 따른 소형 하천의 생태계 변화와 회복에 관한 연구 -소형 하천에서 온천 배수가 부착조류 군집에 미치는 영향

  • 정연태 (원광대학교 환경과학연구소) ;
  • 문연자 (원광대학교 환경과학연구소) ;
  • 김미연 (원광대학교 환경과학연구소) ;
  • 최민규 (원광대학교 환경과학연구소) ;
  • 길봉섭 (원광대학교 생명과학부)
  • Published : 1999.09.01

Abstract

To study the influences of thermal effluents flowing from hot spring on epilithic algal community, seasonal survey was carried out at stream and its watersheds from Seokjeong hot spring in Chollabuk-Do, Korea. Totally 7 points were divided into three regions fur sampling of water and epilithic algae, such as the direct effected, uneffected and the mixed region, respectively. At the discharging points of effluents, a dark-green cyanobacterial mat were remarkably constructed, mainly by two cyanobacteria, Oscillatoria and Phormidium. The mat formation were more obvious at low temperature than any other season, and even result in disappear with downstream and season. Totally, one hundred and fifty-three taxa of epilithic algae were classified with 15 unidentified species. Among the, diatoms occupied 58% of total species, whereas cyanobacteria was 67% of total biomass, comparatively. In terms of stream direction, relative abundance of cyanobacteria was only limited in the upstream in cold season, and result in this pattern disappeared with season change. Although all physicochemical variables at the discharging points, was very high, compare to other points, they were quickly decreased downstream. Among them, some heavy metals were not detected or below the detection levels at downstream. Nitrate nitrogen increased with downstream, as well as phosphorus and sulfate have a similar trend throughout, while ammonia quickly decreased in the initial period of discharging effluents. This suggest that although the thermal effluent with high temperature and organic compounds could polluted the small study stream, various contributions such as flowing water, intake of uneffected streawater and collaboration of cyanobacterial mat and stream bottom gradually induces a stable water system.

본 연구는 온천 배수의 유입이 소형 하천의 부착조류군집에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여, 전북 고창군 석정온천에 발원하는 하천과 그 주변의 소형 하천을 대상으로 1996년 2월부터 1998년 9월까지 계절별로 조사하였다. 온천 배수의 유입이 직접 일어나는 지점에서는 저온기에 남조의 Oscillatoria와 Phormidium이 중심이 된 독특한 남조피막이 형성되었다. 특히, 부착조류의 출현 및 군집구조는 온천 배수의 영향 하천과 비영향 하천간에 뚜렷한 차이를 보였는데, 전체적으로 조사시기에 상관없이 규조의 높은 종 출현(전체의 58%)과 남조강의 높은 생물량(전체의 67%)이 대조적이었으며, 전자는 하천의 하류에 주로 분포하고, 후자는 집중적으로 상류에 분포하였다. 이러한 현상은 동계에 뚜렷하였으나, 계절이 전환되면서 보이지 않았다. 녹조와 유글레나류 등은 계절 및 지점에 큰 영향을 보이지 않았다. 대부분의 환경요인들은 하천방향을 따라 강하게 감소하였으나, 질산성 질소는 하천방향에 따라 다소 증가하였다. 본 조사하천은 온천 이용이 저온기에 집중됨으로서, 배출지점에 남조피막과 같은 독특한 하천생태계가 형성되지만, 하천방향에 따라 비영향 하천의 유입, 남조피막과 하천퇴적물과의 상호작용 등에 의한 화학물질의 빠른 감소로 하천의 하류로 갈수록 심한 오염현상은 발견되지 않았으나, 온천배수의 지속적인 유입이 이루어진다면, 하천의 퇴행적 천이가 빠르게 진행될 것으로 예상되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. 자연보전보고 v.3 부곡온천을 중심으로 한 창녕군 일대의 담수조류에 대하여 정준
  2. 전남대 석사논문 온천배수역 주변 하천에 서식하는 부착조류 군집에 관한 연구 최환석
  3. 환경오염공정시험법 환경청
  4. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (16th Ed.) APHA
  5. Ecology v.54 Effects of thermal addition from the Yellowstone geyser basins in the benthic algae on the Firehole River Boylen CW;TD Brock
  6. Nature v.215 Aggregation in a thermophilic Oscillatoria Castenholtz RW
  7. J Phycol v.4 The behavior of Oscillatoria terebriformis in hot springs Castenholtz
  8. Bacteriol Rev v.33 Thermophilic bule-green algae and the thermal environment Castenholtz RW
  9. Hydrobiologia v.119 Impact of the Tihange nuclear power plant on the periphyton and phytoplankton o the Meuse River (Belgium) Descy JP;Mouvet C
  10. Proc. Symp. : Environmental requirements of blue-green algae Aspects of nitrogen nutrition of some naturally occurring populations of blue-green algae Dugdale VA
  11. Dev. Ind. Microbiol. v.20 removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents by algae Gale NL;Wixson BG
  12. Rev Asoc Cienc Nat Litor St Tome v.24 Phytoplankton and environmental characteristics in a polluted stream (San Lorenzo stream, Santa Fe, Argentina) Garcia de Emiliani MO
  13. Hydrobiologia v.45 Effects of discharge of thermal effluent from a power station on Lake Wabamum, Alberta, Canada-The epipelic and episammic algal communities Hickman M
  14. Illustrations of the Japanese freshwater algae Hirose H;M Akiyama;T Iriya;K Imabori;H Kasaki;S Kumana;H Kobayashi;E Takahashi;K Tsumura;M Hirano;T Yamagishi
  15. Freshwater Biology v.24 Responses of periphyton to changes in current velocity, suspended sediment and phosphorus concentration Horner RR;EB Welch;MR Reeley;JM Jacoby
  16. Fisher Leipzig v.10 Bacillariophyta (Diatomeas). In Pascher A : S wasserfloramitteleuripqas Hustedt F
  17. Miner. Environ. v.2 The use of algae to control heavy metals in the environment Jennett JC;Hassett JM;Smith JE
  18. Wonkwang J. Environ. Sci. v.7 Ecological study on the cyanobacterial mat community in a thermal wastewater stream Kim BH
  19. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. v.40 Geothermal effects on stream benthos : Separate influences of thermal and chemical components on periphyton and macroinver-tebrates Lamberti GA;Resh VH
  20. Hydrobiologia v.128 Distribution of benthic algae and macroinvertebrates along a thermal stream gradient Lamberti GA;REsh VH
  21. J Animal Ecol v.33 A table for calculating the Equitability component of species diversity Llyod M.;RJ Gherald
  22. Nature v.216 Relationship among functional properties of California Glassland McNaughton SJ
  23. Limnol. Oceanogr v.16 The effects of increasing light and temperature on the structure of diatom communities Patrick R
  24. Proc Nat Acad Sci US v.64 Temperature and manganese as determining factors in the presence of diatom of blue-green algae floras in streams Patrick R;Crum B;Coles J
  25. Monogr Acad Natur Sci Philadelphia v.1;2 Diatoms of the United States Patrick R;Reimer CW
  26. Amer Nat Shannon's formula as a measure of species diversity Pielou EC
  27. Ecological diversity Pielou EC
  28. Hydrobiologia v.63 Algal responses to thermal effluent : study of a power station on the Provo River, Utah, USA Squires LE;SR Rushforth;DJ Brotherson
  29. J Fish Res Board Can v.25 Algal growth and primary productivity in thermal streams Stochner JG
  30. Freshwater Biology v.23 Interactions among nutrients, algae and invertebrates in a New Zealand mountain stream Winterbourn MJ