The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea (암석학회지)

The Petrological Society of Korea (한국암석학회)
권호 표지

Structural characteristics of Humboldt Range, northwest Nevada, U. S. A.

미국 북서 네바다주 험볼트 산맥의 구조분석

  • 정상원 (미국 네바다 주립대학교)
  • Published : 1999.12.01
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Abstract

Characteristics and complex structures in the northwest Nevada, U.S.A. are de-veloped due to relative tectonic movement of major tectonostratigraphic terranes. Theresearch area is composed of autochthonous rocks of both Early Triassic Koipato Group and Middle Triassic Star Peak Group, which is located in the Humboldt Range, northwest Nevada, U.S.A. The present research is focused on deformation history, related fabric development, and state of regional paleostress during the Jurassic to Late Cretaceous. The Triassic autochthonous rocks in the Humboldt Range, Nevada, U.S.A. display polyphase deformation due to E- to ESE-directed tectonic transport of the Fencemaker allochthon over autochthonous rocks of the Humboldt Range. Structures involving the Mesozoic foreland deformation are development of intense foliation, different styles of folds, minor thrusts, transposed layering, and strong mylonitization. These tectonic structures are mostly developed along the western flank of the Humboldt Range, and are reported as the first deformation of the Mesozoic foreland in the Humboldt Range, Nevada, U.S.A. Regional principal stress(${\sigma}_1$) is interpreted to be E to ESE between the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous on the basis of orientations of strongly developed $D_1$ structures. The deformation during the Middle to Late Cretaceous, is characterized by development of consistent N- to NNE-trending metamorphic quartz veins, and shear zones parallel to pre-existing $D_1$ foliation. Orientations of metamorphic quartz veins as well as other kinematic indicators are N to NNE and are interpreted as those of regional principal stress(${\sigma}_1$) during the Late Cretaceous. The sense of shear applied in the Humbololt Range is dextral and is caused by reactivation of early-formed $D_1$ structures. These results reflect counterclockwise rotation of regional principal paleostress in the Humboldt Range from the Jurassic to Late cretaceous. Finally, development of both shear band cleavage and S/C mylonitic fabrics indicates that the shear zones in the Humboldt Range reflect involvement of enhanced non-coaxial flow during bulk shortening in mylonitic formation.

미국 네바다주 북서지역은 주요 구조층서적 지구대의 상대적 이동에서 특징적이며 복잡한 구조가 발달되었다. 본 연구지역은 삼첩기 초기의 코이파토 층군과 삼첩기 중기의 스타피크 층군의 현지성 암석으로 구성되며, 이들 현지성 암석은 미국 네바다 북서지역의 험볼트 산맥에 위치한다. 본 연구는 쥬라기에서 백악기 말기동안 작용한 변형작용의 역사 그리고 그와 관련된 조직의 발달 그리고 고응력상태의 분석에 역적을 두었다. 펜스메이커 타지성 암석은 험볼트 산맥의 현지성 암석위로 E에서 ESE 방향으로 오우버 드러스트함에 따라 현지성 암석에 다변형작용을 보여둔다. 이러한 중생대 전지 변형자？에 관련된 구조는 N나 NNE 방향으로 잘 발달된 엽리구조, 서로 다른 습곡형태, 소규모의 드러스트, 전위 엽리의 발달 그리고 강력한 압쇄작용을 들 수 있다. 이들 구조는 험볼트 산맥의 서쪽 경계부를 따라 발달되었으며 미국 북서 네바다 지역에서의 최초 전지 변형작용 알려져 있다. 광역주 압축응력(${\sigma}_1$)은 여러 가지 $D_1$ 구조의 방향에 근거하여 E나 ESE 방향으로 밝혀졌다. 백악기 중기와 말기의 변형작용은 일정하게 배열된 N나 NNE 방향으로 주향하는 변성 석영맥과 기존에 발달된 $D_1$ 엽리구조에 평형한 전단대를 들 수 있다. 변성 석영맥의 일정한 방향성과 이와 관련된 구조는 백악기 중기와 말기의 본 연구 지역에 가해진 광역 주 응력 방향으로 해석되었다. 전단대의 전단감각은 우수 전단 방향으로서 이전에 형성된 $D_1$ 구조의 재활동에 근거한다. 이러한 결과는 쥬라기로부터 백악기 말기까지 연구지역에 작용한 광역 주 응력이 시계 반대방향으로 회전되었음을 반영한다. 마지막으로, 전단띠 벽개와 S/C 압쇄조직의 발달은 연구지역에서의 전단대가 불균질 단순 전단 작용을 받았음을 나타내며 또한 압쇄암 형성시 단축 작용동안 비동축류의 지대로서 작용했음을 나타낸다.

Keywords

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