Theory and Practice of Automatic Indexing

자동색인의 이론과 실제

  • Published : 1999.09.01

Abstract

This paper deals with the methods as well as the problems associated with automatic extraction indexing and assignment indexing, expert systems for indexing, and major approaches currently used to index the Internet resources. It also briefly reviews basic methods for establishing hypertext/hypermedia links automatically. The methods used in much of text processing today are not particularly new. Most of the them were used, perhaps in a more rudimentary form, 30 or more years ago by Luhn and many other investigators. Better results can be achieved today because much greater bodies of electronic text are now avaliable and the power of present-day computers allows the processing of such text with reasonable efficiency.

Keywords

References

  1. Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort Zipf, G. K.
  2. IBM Journal of Research and Development v.1 A statistical approach to mechanized encoding and searching of literary information Luhn, H. P.
  3. IBM Journal of Research and Development v.2 Machine-made index for technical literature-an experiment Baxendale, P. B.
  4. Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval Salton, G.;McGill, M. J.
  5. IBM Journal of Research and Development v.2 Machine-made index for technical literature-an experiment Baxendale, P. B.
  6. Automation Indexing and Abstracting of the Contents of Documents Oswald, V. A., Jr.(et al.)
  7. Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval Salton, G.;McGill, M. J.
  8. Machine-aided Indexing Klingbiel, P. H.
  9. Information Processing & Management v.12 Evaluation of machine-aided indexing Klingbiel, P. H.;Rinker, C. C.
  10. Information Processing & Management v.30 Machine-aided indexing at NASA Silvester, J. P.(et al.)
  11. Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery v.12 Automatic subject recognition in scientific papers:an empirical study O'Connor, J.
  12. Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery v.10 Automatic document classification Borko, H.;Bernick, M.
  13. Information Processing & Management v.13 Automatic versus manual indexing Van der Meulen, W. A.;Janssen, P. J. F. C.
  14. Journal of the American Society for Information Science v.38 Concept recognition in an automatic text-processing system for the life sciences Vlenduts-Stokolov, N.
  15. Database v.2 no.2 Auto-indexing of the 1971-77 ABI/INFORM database Trubkin, L.
  16. Science and Technology Libraries v.5 no.1 American Petroleum Institute's machine-aided indexing and searching project Brenner, E.(et al.)
  17. Journal of Chemical Information Science v.27 An expert system for machine-aided indexing Martinez, C.(et al.)
  18. Online Information 92 Machine-aided indexing(MAI) in a multilingual environment Hlava, M. M. K.
  19. Automatisches Indexieren als Erkennen abstrakter Objekte Knorz, G.
  20. Information Processing & Management v.25 Models for retrieval with probabilistic indexing Fuhr, N.
  21. Readings in Information Retrieval The automatic indexing system AIR/PHYS-from research to application Biebricher, P.(et al.);K.Sparck Jones(ed.);P. Willett(ed.)
  22. Information Processing & Management v.30 Machine-aided indexing at NASA Silvester, J. P.(et al.)
  23. Sixteenth Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care Words, concepts, or both : optimal indexing units for automated information retrieval Hersh, W. R.(et al.)
  24. Book Indexing by Computer Artandi, S.
  25. Information Storage and Retrieval v.6 Experiments in automatic extracting and indexing Earl, L. L.
  26. Syntactic Approach to Automatic Book Indexing Salton, G. A.
  27. The Indexer v.17 Natural-language processing and automatic indexing Korycinski, C.;Newell, A. F.
  28. Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence v.2 Integrating artificial intelligence and graphics in a tool for microfossil identification for use in the petroleum industry Swaby, P. A.;A. Rappaport(ed.);R. Smith(ed.)
  29. PC AI v.10 no.1 Intelligent data entry Tway, L. E.;Riedel, W. R.
  30. American Documentation v.20 On-line access to information : NSF as an aid to the indexer/cataloger Bennett, J. L.
  31. Observing and Evaluating an Interactive Process : a Pilot Experiment in Indexing Bennett, J. L.(et al.)
  32. IAALD Quarterly Bulletin v.37 Assisted Indexing(CAIN) Friis, T.
  33. Information Processing & Management v.30 Machine-aided indexing at NASA Silvester, J. P.(et al.)
  34. Machine Aided Indexing form Natural Language Text Silvester, J. P.(et al.)
  35. Fifteenth annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care TEXTINFO : a too for automatic determination of patient clinical profiles using text analysis Borst, F.(et. al)
  36. Sixteenth Annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care An evaluation of concept based latent semantic indexing for clinical information retrieval Chute, C. G.;Yang, Y.
  37. Eighteenth annual Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care Ambiguity resolution while mapping free text to the UMLS metathesaurus Rindflesch, T. C.;Aronson, A. R.
  38. Online Review v.14 no.1 Online search + logic programming = subject bibliography : an expert systems approach to bibliographic processing Lirov, Y.;Lirov, V.
  39. Artificial Intelligence and Expert System : Will They Change the Library? Interactive knowledge-based systems for improved subject analysis and retrieval Humphrey, S. M.;F. W. Lancaster(ed.);L. C. Smith(ed.)
  40. Knowledge Organization v.24 Computer-assisted indexing training and electronic conversion at NAL Irving, H. B.
  41. Information Processing & Management v.27 The operation and performance of an artificially intelligent keywording system Driscoll, J. R.(et al)
  42. Online Information 92 Artificial intelligence program for indexing automatically(AIPIA) Jones, K. P.;Bell, C. L. M.
  43. Information Processing & Management v.27 Modeling the performance of an automated keywording system Malone, L. C.(et al)
  44. Journal of the American Society for Information Science v.45 GIPSY : automated Geographic indexing of text documents Woodruff, A. G.;Plaunt, C.
  45. Search Engine Watch
  46. Internet World v.7 no.5 Search engine showdown Venditto, G.
  47. Finding information on the Web Jakob, D.
  48. Electronic Library v.15 World Wide Web search and retrieval Falk, H.
  49. Library software Review v.14 Diversity on the World Wide Web : using robots to search the Web Scales, B. J.;Felt, E. C.
  50. Internet World v.7 no.5 Guiding lights Conte, R., Jr.
  51. Database v.19 no.1 Robot-generated databases on the World Wide Web Kimmel, S.
  52. Internet World v.7 no.5 Search engine showdown Venditto, G.
  53. Web Search Strategies Pfaffenberger, B.
  54. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science v.33 Search engines for the World Wide Web : a comparative study and evaluation methodology Chu, H.;Rosenthal, M.
  55. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science v.33 A comparative study of Web search service performance Ding, W.;Marchionini, G.
  56. Inform v.10 no.4 Internet text retrieval : benchmark study Watson, J.(et al.)
  57. Online & CDROM Review v.21 no.2 Search engines on the World Wide Web and information retrieval from the Internet : a review and evaluation Dong, X.;Su, L. T.
  58. Information Technology and Libraries v.16 Indexing and abstracting on the World Wide Web : an examination of six web databases Nicholson, S.
  59. New England Journal of Medicine v.330 Performance of four computer-based diagnostic systems Berner, E. S.(et al.)
  60. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science v.33 An investigation of indexing on the WWW Srinavsan, P.(et al.)
  61. Online & CDROM Review v.18 Information agents Blake, P.
  62. Online v.18 no.4 Intelligent agents Roesler, M.;Hawkins, D. T.
  63. Indexing and Abstracting in Theory and Practice(2nd ed.) Lancaster, F. W.
  64. Computer Networks and ISDN System v.28 Ethical web agents Eichmann, D.
  65. ASLIB Proceedings v.48 Is the business cybrarian a reality? Internet use in business libraries Kelly, S.;Nicholas, D.
  66. Computer Journal v.1 no.1 Automatic retrieval of recorded information Fairthorne, R. A.
  67. Journal of the American Society for Information Science v.45 Book and periodical indexing Wellisch, H. H.
  68. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science v.33 Complexity in indexing systems - abandonment and failure : implication for organizing the Internet Weinberg, B. H.
  69. Online Information v.94 Structured for success : the continuing role of quality indexing in intelligent information retrieval systems Owen, P.
  70. Intelligent Technologies in Library and Information Service Application : a Realistic Appraisal Lancaster, F. W.;Smith L. C.
  71. Text-Based Intelligent Systems Automatic text structuring experiments Salton, G.;Buckley, C.;P. S. Jacobs(ed.)
  72. New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia v.1 A new probabilistic scheme for information retrieval in hypertext Savoy, K.
  73. Information Processing & Management v.33 Automatic text structuring and summarization Salton, G.(et al)
  74. Multimedia Systems v.3 Automatic authoring and construction of hypermedia for information retrieval Agosti, M.(et al)
  75. Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science v.58 no.SUP. 21 Concept-based indexing and retrieval of hypermedia information Arents, H. C.;Bogaerts, W. F. L.
  76. Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery v.8 Semantic road maps for literature searchers Doyle, L. B.
  77. Information Retrieval and Hypertext Interactive dynamic maps for visualisation and retrieval from hypertext systems Zizi, M.;M. Agosti(ed.);A. F. Smeaton(ed.)
  78. Advances in Classification Research v.2 Hypertext linking as a model of expert indexing Tessier, J. A.
  79. Journal of Documentation v.50 On the creation of hypertext links in full-text documents : measurement of interlinker consistency Ellis, D.(et al)
  80. Journal of the American Society for Information Science v.47 On the creation of hypertext links in full-text documents : measurement of retrieval effectiveness Ellis, D.(et al)
  81. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science v.34 Hyperlinks : how well do they represent the intellectual content of digital collection? Chu, H.
  82. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science v.30 Design issues in a hypertext-based information system for bibliographic retrieval Dimitroff, A.;Wolfram, D.
  83. Journal of the American Society for Information Science v.47 Inter-record linkage structure in a hypertext bibliographic retrieval system Wolfram, D.
  84. Information Retrieval Systems : Characteristics, Testing and Evaluation Lancaster, F. W
  85. Text-Based Intelligent Systems Introduction : text power and intelligent systems Jacobs, P. S.;P. S. Jacobs(ed.)
  86. Intelligent Technologies in Library and Information Service Application : a Realistic Appraisal Lancaster, F. W.;Smith L. C.
  87. Text-Based Intelligent Systems Robust partial-parsing through incremental, multi-algorithm processing McDonald, D. D.;P. S. Jacobs(ed.)
  88. Journal of the American Society for Information Science v.45 User-centered indexing Fidel, R.
  89. Intelligent Technologies in Library and Information Service Application : a Realistic Appraisal Lancaster, F. W.;Smith L. C.
  90. Journal of the American Society for Information Science v.48 Design and implementation of automatic indexing for information retrieval with Arabic documents Hmeide, I.(et al)
  91. Evaluation of the MEDLARS Demand Search Service Lancaster, F. W.
  92. Readings in Information Retrieval The TREC conference Harman, D.;K.Sparck Jones(ed.);P. Willett(ed.)
  93. Information Processing & Management v.31 no.3 Reflections on TREC Sparck Jones, K.
  94. Text-Based Intelligent Systems Statistical methods, artificial intelligence, and information retrieval Stanfill, C.;Waltz, D. L.;P. S. Jacobs(ed.)
  95. Text-Based Intelligent Systems Introduction : text power and intelligent systems Jacobs, P. S.;P. S. Jacobs(ed.)