Trend of Some Hydrologic Features in the Five Great River Systems in Korea

5대강(大江) 수계유역(水系流域) 수문량(水文量) 변동추이(變動推移)

  • Shon, Dong-Sup (Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Suh, Seung-Duk (Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture Kyungpook National University)
  • 손동섭 (경북대학교 농과대학 농업토목공학과) ;
  • 서승덕 (경북대학교 농과대학 농업토목공학과)
  • Published : 1999.12.30

Abstract

Trend of some hydrologic features such as precipitation, runoff and reservoir storage rates in the five great river systems of Han, Nakdong, Keum, Yeongsan and Seomjin river watershed areas were surveyed and analysed. The sample period of Sept. 1994 to Aug. 1998 (four years) was chracterized by unusual climatic features such as El Nino, La Nina and areal terrible storms. And also average values of rainfall and runoff of the priod of 1961 to 1990 (30 years) were surveyed and analysed compared with the sample preiod events for the same river systems. In case of the monthly mean rainfall of the sample period (Sept. 1994 to Aug. 1998 : 48 months) in the five great river systems, 20 months, 19 months, 20 months, 21 months and 18 months in the Han, Nakdong, Keum, Yeongsan and Seomjin river system respectively were higher than monthly average rainfall records of the 30 year records. For the monthly runoff in the same river systems, 7 months, 9 months, 7 months, 11 months and 11 month in the Han, Nakdong, Keum, Yeongsan and Seomjin river systems respectively were higher than the monthly average runoff of the period of 30 years. For the storage rates, most of the dams in the Han river systems were highly stored through the year continuously and Paldang dam was specially higher than the other dams in the same river system. And most of the dams in the other river systems were stored irregularly but getting much better than early time during the 48 months. And special climatic features were not found during the sample period of 48 months, Sept. 1994 to Aug. 1998.

3차 국토종합개발 10개년 계획기간 (1992-2001) 가운데 1994년~1998년은 에리뇨와 라니냐 등 해수온도의 상승 및 하강 현상에 의한 게릴라성 폭우등 이상기후현상이 뚜렷한 해로 평가하고 있다. 이 기간에 대한 한강, 낙동강, 금강, 영산강 그리고 섬진강의 한국 5대강수계에 대한 강수량, 유출량 및 저수량을 도출하고 전국 평균 (1961년~1990년)의 해당 수문량과의 비교분석을 시행하여 그 결과를 5대강 수계의 수자원관리 및 방재수립에 참고 하고져 조사 분석한바 5 대강 수계의 표본기간 (1994~1998, 48개월) 평균 강수월수가 예년평균 동기간에 비하여 많았던 기간은 20개월 이었고, 유출은 평균 8.2개월에 이른다. 한편 댐 저수율은 한강수계의 경우 비교적 많은 량으로 이상적인 현상을 보인 반면, 낙동강수계는 초기에는 낮은 저수율이고 후기에는 높은 저수율 현상 이었고, 금강, 영산강 및 섬진강은 초기부터 후기로 점증 하는 경향으로 나타나 유역적인 편차현상이 크게 나타나 수자원의 관리와 방재계획을 수계의 연결 및 호환적 종합 운영등의 방식이 검토되어야 할것으로 생각된다.

Keywords