표고버섯 재배폐골목의 유기질 비료화

Manufacturing of Organic Composts from Shiitake Bedlogs

본 연구는 표고버섯 재배폐골목 및 지조를 이용한 유기질비료 제조를 위한 적정 조건을 찾고, 제조한 유기질비료를 사용하여 식물의 생육 및 토양온도에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 실시하였다. 시멘트블록조 발효상을 사용하여 제조한 톱밥과 발효첨가제를 적량 첨가하여 퇴적후, 1 개월마다 뒤집기하면서 발효부숙시켜 표고버섯 재배폐골목 및 신선지조로부터 양질의 유기질비료를 제조할 수 있었다. 적정 제조조건으로서는 목질계 재료 1톤에 대하여 요소비료 12kg, 석회 25kg, 계분 40kg 및 적당량의 발효첨가제가 필요하였으며, 함수율은 55% 였다. 유식물 파종실험에서 유기질비료의 혼합량이 많아질수록 무우의 생장이 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 유기질비료의 혼합율이 증가함에 따라 토양의 온도가 다소 높아지는 경향을 나타냈다. 유기질비료는 아침 외기의 온도가 내려가면, 토양의 온도를 높게 유지시키며, 외기의 온도가 높은 시간대는 오히려 토양의 온도를 낮추는 온도완충효과를 주었는데, 이러한 효과는 유기질비료의 혼합비가 높아질수록 더욱 커지는 것으로 나타났다.

With increased utilization of chemical fertilizer, soil fertility is getting serious problem. As a result, using organic soil conditioner (woody wastes or sawdust compost) would be only solution to recover soil vitality. In this study, manufacturing and characteristics of organic soil conditioner from Shiitake bedlogs (woody wastes) were studied. Also, to investigate the effect of continuous application of this bedlog compost on growth of plants, growth tests for radish and tree seedlings were done. The results are as follows ; Analytical results of decayed and fresh wood materials showed almost same as its wood components. The mixing ratio of raw materials with the other filling materials is essential for the manufacturing as well as good quality of its compost during composting process. In this experiment, mixing 12kg of urea, 25kg of lime, 40kg of chicken shit, and small amount of fermentation aids corresponding to I ton of sawdust resulted in good composts. Their moisture contents were adjusted to about 55%. Temperature of pile, in composting process, rose after I week and kept about above $60^{\circ}C$ for certain period. They were turned two times, 30th and 59th day, respectively, after piling. This bedlog compost contained 81.7% of high organic matter, 1.4% of a little nitrogen, 6.75 of pH and 25 - 30 of C/N ratio. There were no harmful effect on germination and growth of plants, such as radish and softwood and hardwood seedlings. Concerned to the effect of bedlog compost on soil temperature, the compost did not affect plant growth by changing soil temperature abruptly, but compensated the soil temperature such as a little increasing on the early morning, a little decreasing on the mid-day or afternoon (pm 2:00), and increasing on the early evening (pm 6:00).