PAM과 K-CMC처리가 토양의 이화학성 및 양배추의 수량에 미치는 영향

Effects of Polyacrylamide (PAM) and Potassium-Carboxymethylcellulose (K-CMC) on Soil and Yield of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. cv. Empire)

천연계 흡수성 고분자 K-CMC (potassium-carboxymethylcellulose)와 합성계인 PAM (polyacrylamide)이 토양의 물리화학적 특성과 양배추의 생육에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 제조한 K-CMC에 친수성인 카르복실기의 도입을 FT-IR로 확인하였고, 부직포를 이용하여 측정한 PAM과 K-CMC의 흡수력은 증류수에서는 PAM이 더 높았으나, 염화나트륨 3% 용액에서는 K-CMC와 PAM이 같아서 비료성분이 많은 토양에서는 K-CMC가 더 효과적인 듯 하다. 토양의 입자크기 1.0mm 이상의 입단율은 K-CMC와 PAM처리에서 각각 9.6%와 16.6%가 증가하였고, 투수속도도 K-CMC와 PAM처리 모두 촉진되어 투수율 또한 증가하였다. 토양의 화학성분에서는 K-CMC처리가 토양의 K 함량을 증가시켰으나, 다른 성분에서는 차이가 없었다. K-CMC와 PAM처리는 양배추의 초기생육 및 수량, 그리고 비타민C 함량을 증가시켜서 양배추의 수량과 품질의 향상에도 효과적이었다. 그러나, 본 실험에서 제조한 K-CMC의 흡수력이 다소 낮기 때문에 더 높은 흡수력을 가진 천연계 흡수성 고분자의 개발이 필요하다고 사료된다.

The objective of this study was to observe the effects of potassium-carboxymethyl cellulose (K-CMC), which is a natural polymer derivative, and polyacrylamide (PAM), which is a commercial synthetic polymer, on soil physicochemical properties and yields of the cabbage. To increase water absorbing capacity (WAC), hydrophilic carboxymethyl group was introduced to cellulose chain and it was confirmed by FT-IR. WAC was tested by tea-bag method in distilled water and 3% NaCl solution. PAM is slightly more absorptive than K-CMC in distilled water, but in NaCl solution, K-CMC is more absorptive than PAM. Soil particle sizes above $1_{mm}$ were immediately increased from 9.6 to approximately 16.6% by the application of K-CMC and PAM, respectively. Infiltration rates of soil were approximately twice as great as those of the control when conditioned with the K-CMC and PAM treatment. K content of soil treated with K-CMC was significantly higher than those of PAM and control, but the other components of soil chemical properties were not different. The early growth and vegetative production of cabbage in the K-CMC and PAM treatments were significantly higher than the control. The contents of vitamin C were increased with the treatment of K-CMC. It was proposed that K-CMC treatment influence K component of the soil and vitamin C content of the cabbage, therefore, it improved the yields as well as crop quality.