Abstract
In order to investigate the relation between the marine environmental characteristics and the change of the catch in set net, the marine environment properties were analyzed by temperature and salinity observed in the western coastal area of Cheju Island from 1995 to 1996 and the results are as follows 1) Main axis of Tsushima Current appeared in the western coastal area of Cheju Island was off 2$\~$3 miles from November to May. Therefore the waters of high temperature over $14^{\circ}C$ and high salinity from $34.40\%_{\circ}$ to $34.60\%_{\circ}$ were distributed homogeneously from surface to bottom in this time. But China Coastal Waters of low salinity appeared in the Cheju Strait from June to October, surface waters became of high temperature and low salinity, and middle and bottom waters became of the temperature from 11 to $14^{\circ}C$ and the salinity over $33.50\%_{\circ}$ and then vertically sharp thermocline and halocline are formed in the western coastal area of Cheju Island. In summer, the water temperature and salinity of the surface waters in wstern coastal area of Cheju Island were lower and higher respectively than that in middle area of the Cheju Strait and the temperature and salinity of the bottom waters in this area were higher and lower, respectively than that in middle area of the Cheju Strait. Such a distribution shows a tidal front in this coastal area. On the whole year, surface temperature and salinity were from 14 to $23^{\circ}C$ and from 30.60 to $34.60\%_{\circ}$, respectively, and annual fluctuation range of temperature and salinity was within $9^{\circ}C$ and $4.00\%_{\circ}$, respectively, Thus, annual fluctuation range in this area is much narrower than that in the Cheju Strait. In bottom water, temperature ranges from 14 to $20^{\circ}C$ through the year. Thus, the fluctuation range of temperature is narrow. The low temperature of from $11^{\circ}C$ to $13^{\circ}C$ appeared in the west enterance of Cheju Strait was not shown in this coastal area. 2) The salinity of bottom water was from $33.60\%_{\circ}$ to $34.40\%_{\circ}$ in 1995, while low salinity wale. below $32.00\%_{\circ}$ appeared all depth from June in 1996. Thus, the variation of hydrographic conditions in this area is narrow in winter, and wide in summer due to the influence of China Coastal Waters. 3) In summer, surface cold water, local eddy and fronts of temperature and salinity were showed within 2 mile from the west coast of the Cheju Island due to vertical mixing by tidal current. Especially, temperature and salinity of bottom water are changed with the change of depth around Biyang-Do. Thus, the front of temperature and salinity appeared clearly between shallow area with the depth of under 10 m and deep area with of the depth of more than 50m. Surface water in outside area where high temperature and low salinity water appear intrudes between Worlreong-Ri and Geumreung-Ri. Thus, the front of temperature and salinity was made along the line that connects from this coast to Biyang-Do, The temperature of the bottom water is $2^{\circ}C$ to $4^{\circ}C$ lower than that of the surface water and its salinity is $0.02\%_{\circ}$ to $0.08\%_{\circ}$ higher than that of the surface water even in shallow area.
제주도 서부 연안역인 한림 정치망어장의 해황특성 (수온 및 염분분포)을 규명하기 위해 1995년과 1996년에 실시한 정선조사의 수온 및 염분자료를 검토$\cdot$분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 제주도 서부연안역중 해안에서 2$\~$3mile 떨어진 외측 (Sta. 1, 2)은 11월부터 익년 5월까지는 제주도 서쪽해역에 출현하는 대마난류수의 주류부가 통과하여 $14^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고수온과 $34.40\%_{\circ}\~34.60\%_{\circ}$의 고염분이 표층부터 저층까지 균질하게 분포하지만 6월부터 10월까지는 제주해역에 저염분수인 중국대륙연안수가 출현하여 표층은 고수은, 저염분수가 되고 중$\cdot$저층은 $11^{\circ}C\~14^{\circ}C$의 저수온, $33.50\%_{\circ}$ 이상의 고염분이 유지되므로 심한 수온 및 염분약층이 나타는데 반해 이 해역은 해쳐 중앙역보다 표층은 수온이 낮고 염분은 높으며 저층은 수온이 높고 염분이 낮은 조석전선역의 수온 및 염분분포가 나타난다. 그러므로 년중 표층수온은 $14^{\circ}C\~23^{\circ}C$ 염분은 $36.60\%_{\circ}\~34.60\%_{\circ}$로 수온의 년교차는 $9^{\circ}C$, 염분의 년교차는 $4.00\%_{\circ}$ 정도로 연안역임에도 불구하고 제주해협 중앙부의 년교차($14^{\circ}C\~20^{\circ}C$, $4.00\%_{\circ}\~10.40\%_{\circ}$)보다 매우 작다. 저층수온은 년중 $14^{\circ}C\~20^{\circ}C$의 범위로 수온 변화폭이 작고 제주해협 서쪽입구에 출현하는 $11^{\circ}C\~13^{\circ}C$의 저온수도 나타나지 않는다. 그러나 저층 염분은 1995년에 $33.60\%_{\circ}\~34.40\%_{\circ}$이지만 1996년의 경우는 6월부터 표$\cdot$저층 모두 현저하게 염분이 저하하여 전층이 $32.00\%_{\circ}$ 이하의 저염분수가 출현하고 있어 이 해역의 동계의 해황은 년별 변화가 적지만 하계에는 중국대륙연안수의 영향, 즉 양자강수의 년별 유출량 변화에 따라 해황의 년별 변화가 심한 해역이 다. 2. 해안에서 2mile 이내의 제주도 서부 연안역은 하계의 경우 조류에 의한 연직혼합으로 표층 저온수, 국지적인 와, 수온, 염분전선 등이 나타나 비교적 복잡한 해황이 출현하며, 특히 비양도 주변 해역의 저층수는 수심변화와 더불어 수온$\cdot$염분이 변해 10m미만의 천소에서 50m의 심소 사이에는 심한 수온$\cdot$염분전선이 형성되고, 월령리와 금릉리 사이에는 고온$\cdot$저염분수인 외측의 표층수가 연안 가까이까지 침입하므로 이 연안에서 비양도를 잇는 선을 중심으로 수온$\cdot$염분전선이 형성된다. 또, 수심 l0m이하의 연안 천소라 할지 라도 저층수는 표층수보다 수온은 $2^{\circ}C\~4^{\circ}C$ 낮고 염분은 $0.02\%_{\circ}\~0.08\%_{\circ}$정도 높다.