Purification and Characterization of $\beta$-Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase Excreted by Bacillus firmus var. aikalophilus.

호알칼리성 Bacillus firmus가 생산하는 $\beta$-Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase의 정제 및 효소반응 특성

Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) was purified from the culture broth of the Bacillus firmus var. alkalophilus, using ultrafiltration, starch adsorption/desorption, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration on Sephacryl HR-100. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was determined as 77,000 by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature for the CD synthesis were 6.0 and 5$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The activity of this enzyme was stably kept at the range of pH 6.0～9.5 and up to 5$0^{\circ}C$. However, in the presence of $Ca^{2+}$, the optimum temperature for CD synthesis was shifted 55~6$0^{\circ}C$ and this enzyme was stable up to 6$0^{\circ}C$ because of the stabilizing effect of $Ca^{2+}$. The purified CGTase produced CDs with high conversion yields of 45~51% from sweet potato starch, com starch and amylopectin as substrate, especially, and the product ratio of $\beta$-CD to ${\gamma}$-CD was obtained at range of from 5.8:1 to 8.4:1 according to the kind of substrate. The purified enzyme produced mainly $\beta$-CD without accumulation of $\alpha$-CD during enzyme reaction using various starches as the substrate, indicating that the purified enzyme is the typical $\beta$-CGTase. The purified CGTase produced 25 g/l of CDs from 5.0% (w/v) liquefied com starch and the conversion yield of CDs was 50%, and the content of $\beta$-CD was 84% of total CDs after 8 hours under the optimum reaction condition.ion.

호알카리성 Bacillus firmus var. alkalophilus가 생산하는 cyclodextrin glucanotransferase(CGTase)를 호화시킨 팽윤감자전분을 이용한 흡착 및 탈착, 한외여과, DEAE-cellulose 이온교환 크로마토그래피, 그리고 Sephacryl HR-100을 이용한 gel filtration 등의 분리정제 과정을 통하여 정제하였다. 정제된 CGTase의 분자량은 약 77,000 Da이었으며, 등전점은 6.2～6.3이었다. 최적 효소반응 온도 및 pH는 각각 5$0^{\circ}C$ 와 6.0 였고, 열 및 pH 안정성은 5$0^{\circ}C$까지와 pH 6.0~9.5 사이였다, 정제된 CGTase는 $Ca^{2+}$ 에 의하여 열 안정성이 크게 상당히 향상되었으며 최적 효소반응 온도와 열 안정성도 55~6$0^{\circ}C$와 6$0^{\circ}C$로 증가하였다. CGTase의 기질 특이성을 검토한 결과 여러 종류의 전분들로부터 $\beta$-CD를 주로 생성하였으며, ${\gamma}$-CD도 소량 생성하였으나 $\alpha$-CD는 거의 생성되지 않았다. Sweet potato starch, corn starch, 그리고 amylopectin을 기질로 할 때 높은 CD전환율을 보였으며 $\beta$-CD와 ${\gamma}$-CB의 생성비가 5.8~8.4:1로서 $\beta$-CD를 고 수율로 생산하는 전형적인 $\beta$-type의 CGTase였다. 또한 본 효소의 최적 CD 생산조건은 기질농도 5.0%(w/v) corn starch, 효소첨가량 25 unit/g of starch로서 반응 8시간 후의 전체 CD량도 약 25 g/l로서 전환율은 50%였고, 이 때 $\beta$-CD농도는 21 g/l로서 전체 CD 중 84% 였다.